其他测试框架 Android 性能测试之 Monkey

myersguo · 2017年02月03日 · 最后由 zhangzhao_lenovo 回复于 2018年02月05日 · 4170 次阅读

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这里简单说一下 monkey 的实现原理。

起步

当你执行 adb shell monkey 的时候，它到底干了什么。

monkey位于/system/bin目录下。内容为：

# Script to start "monkey" on the device, which has a very rudimentary
# shell.
#
base=/system
export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/monkey.jar
trap "" HUP
exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.monkey.Monkey $*

首先，这个app_process是什么呢？

app_process 是 Android 的系统启动进程,用于启动zygote和其他java进程:

if (zygote) {
       runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
   } else if (className) {
       runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
   }

更详细的内容，需要阅读 android 源码，这里不做详细扩展。

adb 这里是 runtime 执行com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit来启动,位置在：

/system/framework/下面。有很多系统的包，其中有一个/system/framework/monkey.jar为 monkey 的所在包。

com.android.commands.monkey.Monkey

Application that injects random key events and other actions into the system.

下面，我们一步一步讲解一下：

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"
        Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");

        int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);
        System.exit(resultCode);
    }

看一下run具体方法：

active manager

monkey 中注入系统事件是通过使用内部 API来实现的 (activemanger, windowmanger, packagemanger),其他方式 (instrumentation) 只能是二等公民。

private int run(String[] args) {
    processOptions();//处理参数
    loadPackageLists();//加载黑白名单，可测的有效包名   
    getSystemInterfaces();//获取系统接口，都是系统的隐藏接口。
    //mAm = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
    //这里返回了一个ActivityManagerProxy对象,用来执行mangerservice接口。 
    //mWm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("window"));    
    //上面，获取了系统窗口服务
    //mPm = IPackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));   
    getMainApps();//获取要执行的activity
    mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,
                    mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);//产生一个随机事件
    ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
    mEventSource.validate();//验证事件，并调整比例
    mNetworkMonitor.start();//监听网络变化
    crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();//monkey核心逻辑

}

我们看一下 monkey 的事件列表类：

public abstract class MonkeyEvent {
    protected int eventType;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_KEY = 0;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH = 1;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TRACKBALL = 2;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ROTATION = 3;  // Screen rotation
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ACTIVITY = 4;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_FLIP = 5; // Keyboard flip
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_THROTTLE = 6;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_PERMISSION = 7;
    public static final int EVENT_TYPE_NOOP = 8;

    public static final int INJECT_SUCCESS = 1;
    public static final int INJECT_FAIL = 0;

    // error code for remote exception during injection
    public static final int INJECT_ERROR_REMOTE_EXCEPTION = -1;
    // error code for security exception during injection
    public static final int INJECT_ERROR_SECURITY_EXCEPTION = -2;

    public MonkeyEvent(int type) {
        eventType = type;
    }
    ...

monkey 有 11 种事件，在MonkeyEventSource中有事件的比例设置。

下面，我们来看 monekey 的核心执行逻辑；

while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {
    //检查是否发生了ANR
    if (mRequestAnrBugreport){
        getBugreport("anr_" + mReportProcessName + "_");
        mRequestAnrBugreport = false;
    }
    //检查系统watchdog是否报告bug
     if (mRequestWatchdogBugreport) {
         System.out.println("Print the watchdog report");
         getBugreport("anr_watchdog_");
         mRequestWatchdogBugreport = false;
     }
    //检查是否发生了CRASH
    if (mRequestAppCrashBugreport){
        getBugreport("app_crash" + mReportProcessName + "_");
        mRequestAppCrashBugreport = false;
    }
    //检查bugreport报告生成
     if (mRequestPeriodicBugreport){
         getBugreport("Bugreport_");
         mRequestPeriodicBugreport = false;
     }
    //报告系统信息，ANR时出发
     if (mRequestDumpsysMemInfo) {
         mRequestDumpsysMemInfo = false;
         shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = true;
     }
    //获取下一个随机时间
    MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();    
    //注入事件
     int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);
}

回到之前的代码逻辑，这个mEventSource有三种来源：

//脚本模式
            mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
                    mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
     mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
                        mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                        mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
//网络模式，monkeyrunner的使用方式
 mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
//默认模式，一般都使用随机事件
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,
                    mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);

好，我们这里展开说一下脚本模式怎么使用 monkey.先写一个简单的 monkey 事件脚本文件:

/**
 * monkey event queue. It takes a script to produce events sample script format:
 *
 * <pre>
 * type= raw events
 * count= 10
 * speed= 1.0
 * start data &gt;&gt;
 * captureDispatchPointer(5109520,5109520,0,230.75429,458.1814,0.20784314,0.06666667,0,0.0,0.0,65539,0)
 * captureDispatchKey(5113146,5113146,0,20,0,0,0,0)
 * captureDispatchFlip(true)
 * ...
 * </pre>
 */

#我们以小米商城为例，进入商城，滑动到最下面
type= user
count= 49
speed= 1.0
start data >>
LaunchActivity(com.xiaomi.shop, com.xiaomi.shop.activity.MainTabActivity)
#wait for launch
UserWait(10000)
#drag to down
Drag(542,1326,542,560,15)
#wait for 500 milliseconds
UserWait(500)
#tap second tab
Tap(346,1868)

那这个脚本是怎么解析的呢？（这里不详细展开）:

readHeader();//打开文件，读文件头，设置参数,文件头的结尾必须是：STARTING_DATA_LINE    
当然，脚本中也可以不写文件头的。   
readLines();
readNextBatch();
processLine();//处理每一行命令，加入事件队列中。命令包括：  


```java
    // event key word in the capture log
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POINTER = "DispatchPointer";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TRACKBALL = "DispatchTrackball";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ROTATION = "RotateScreen";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEY = "DispatchKey";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_FLIP = "DispatchFlip";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEYPRESS = "DispatchPress";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ACTIVITY = "LaunchActivity";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INSTRUMENTATION = "LaunchInstrumentation";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WAIT = "UserWait";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_LONGPRESS = "LongPress";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POWERLOG = "PowerLog";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WRITEPOWERLOG = "WriteLog";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_RUNCMD = "RunCmd";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TAP = "Tap";//点击,轻触

    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PROFILE_WAIT = "ProfileWait";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DEVICE_WAKEUP = "DeviceWakeUp";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INPUT_STRING = "DispatchString";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PRESSANDHOLD = "PressAndHold"; //
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DRAG = "Drag"; //拖动
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PINCH_ZOOM = "PinchZoom";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "StartCaptureFramerate";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureFramerate";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE =
            "StartCaptureAppFramerate";
    private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureAppFramerate";

就是酱紫。执行一下我们的脚本 (命令列表):

adb -s 8b52f091 push d:\script.txt /sdcard/data
monkey -f /sdcard/data/script.txt 1

你可以看到，我们滑动到了底部，然后打开了第二个 TAB。当然，我们可以直接通过 adb shell 来执行上面的操作：

adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15
adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15
adb shell input tap 346 1868

这里使用的是 input 命令来执行。和 monkey 一样，input 是一个脚本,执行的是/system/framework/input.jar:

$ cat /system/bin/input
# Script to start "input" on the device, which has a very rudimentary
# shell.
#
base=/system
export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/input.jar
exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.input.Input "$@"

回到 monkey 上去,上面说到

int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);

这个事件来源三类，我们现在看默认的随机事件 (MonkeySourceRandom),它的 getnextevent 返回多种随机事件，这里以MonkeyMotionEvent为例进行说明

@Override
    public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {
        MotionEvent me = getEvent();
        if ((verbose > 0 && !mIntermediateNote) || verbose > 1) {
            StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(":Sending ");
            msg.append(getTypeLabel()).append(" (");
            switch (me.getActionMasked()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    msg.append("ACTION_DOWN");
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    msg.append("ACTION_MOVE");
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    msg.append("ACTION_UP");
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    msg.append("ACTION_CANCEL");
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
                    msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_DOWN ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
                    msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_UP ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));
                    break;
                default:
                    msg.append(me.getAction());
                    break;
            }
            msg.append("):");

            int pointerCount = me.getPointerCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
                msg.append(" ").append(me.getPointerId(i));
                msg.append(":(").append(me.getX(i)).append(",").append(me.getY(i)).append(")");
            }
            System.out.println(msg.toString());
        }
        try {
            //InputManager.getInstance返回input manager的实例
            //Injects an input event into the event system on behalf of an application
            //注入事件
            if (!InputManager.getInstance().injectInputEvent(me,
                    InputManager.INJECT_INPUT_EVENT_MODE_WAIT_FOR_RESULT)) {
                return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;
            }
        } finally {
            me.recycle();
        }
        return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;
    }