这段时间尝鲜了自动化框架 Appium 后,觉得对于安卓 UI 自动化实在是太重了(一堆环境就足以把人搞死、每次写完测试脚本发给别人跑就是个蛋疼的事,稍微吐槽下),是不是可以自己造个轻点的轮子,刚好自己学了一点 python 知识,于是,开干...
第一步,找元素
实现原理:使用 adb -s shell uiautomator dump /sdcard/uidump.xml 命令 dump 出当前 UI 布局树,使用 python 解析 xml,通过指定常见的 id, text, xpath 等等获取节点的坐标信息;拿到元素坐标,我们就可以进行下一步操作了。
第二步,做动作
实现原理:使用 adb -s shell input 等命令,结合上一步获取到的坐标,就可以实现常用用户操作;可以用户操作,我们可以下一步了。
第三步,做判断
实现原理:这一步比较灵活,我常用的方法有这些:第一是判断某个元素是否存在(通过第一步找元素判断),此方法用的最多;第二是截图对比,这个方法一般用在网络加载一个带图片的列表时。
代码不是很多:主框架 300 行左右, 两个 python 文件(mobtest.py 和 AndroidKeycode.py)。
mobtest.py
# coding:utf-8
# Name : mobtest
# Author : wanyor@qq.com
# Desc : A simple ui automation framework for android
# Time : 2017-1-16 15:10:48
import os
import re
import time
import tempfile
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
from AndroidKeycode import Keycode
class Utils(object):
"""docstring for Utils"""
def __init__(self):
super(Utils, self).__init__()
def find_devices(self):
rst = os.popen('adb devices').read()
devices = re.findall(r'(.*?)\s+device', rst)
if len(devices) > 1:
return devices[1:]
else:
# raise Exception('DeviceNotFound')
return []
class Device(object):
# 元素内部类
class Element(object):
"""docstring for Element"""
def __init__(self, x, y, device_id):
self.x = str(int(x))
self.y = str(int(y))
self.device_id = device_id
def click(self):
Device(self.device_id).click(self.x, self.y)
def input(self, text):
self.click()
Device(self.device_id).input_text(text)
# 设备未找到异常类
class DeviceNotFoundException(Exception):
def __init__(self, err='设备未找到' ):
Exception.__init__(self, err)
# 元素未找到异常类
class ElementNotFoundException(Exception):
def __init__(self, err='未找到此元素'):
Exception.__init__(self, err)
# activity未找到异常类
class ActivityNotFoundException(Exception):
def __init__(self, err='未找到此activity'):
Exception.__init__(self, err)
# 设备初始化方法
def __init__(self, device_id):
super(Device, self).__init__()
self.device_id = device_id
devices = re.findall(r'(.*?)\s+device', os.popen('adb devices').read())[1:]
# print devices
if device_id not in devices:
self.DeviceNotFoundException()
self.tempFile = tempfile.gettempdir()
self.pattern = re.compile(r"\d+")
# 安装unicode输入法并激活
# self.install_app(os.getcwd() + '/bin/apk/MobInput.apk')
# self.shell_cmd('ime enable org.mobtest.input/.InputService')
# self.shell_cmd('ime set org.mobtest.input/.InputService')
# 辅助类
def get_abi(self):
return self.shell_cmd('getprop ro.product.cpu.abi').strip()
def get_sdk(self):
return self.shell_cmd('getprop ro.build.version.sdk').strip()
def shell_cmd(self, cmd):
return os.popen('adb -s ' + str(self.device_id) + ' shell ' + cmd).read()
def push_file(self, local_path, remote_path):
os.popen('adb -s ' + str(self.device_id) + ' push ' + local_path + ' ' + remote_path)
def pull_file(self, local_path, remote_path):
os.popen('adb -s ' + str(self.device_id) + ' pull ' + local_path + ' ' + remote_path)
def check_root(self):
os.popen('adb -s ' + self.device_id + ' root')
ret = os.popen('adb -s ' + self.device_id + ' remount').read().strip()
if 'remount succeeded' in ret:
return True
else:
return False
# 截图方法先获取系统tmp目录全路径
tempDir = tempfile.gettempdir()
def save_screenshot(self, save_path=tempDir):
self.shell_cmd('screencap /sdcard/sc.png')
self.pull_file('/sdcard/sc.png', save_path)
# device methods
def get_screensize(self):
temp = self.shell_cmd('wm size').split(':')[1].strip()
return {'width': int(temp.split('x')[0]), 'height': int(temp.split('x')[1])}
def get_device_datetime(self):
return self.shell_cmd('date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S"').strip()
def get_current_activity(self):
ret = self.shell_cmd('dumpsys activity top').split('ACTIVITY')[1].split('\n')[0].split()[0].strip()
return ret.split('/')[0] + '/' + ret.split('/')[0] + ret.split('/')[1]
def get_current_pkg(self):
return self.get_current_activity().split('/')[0].strip()
def wait_for_activity(self, activity, waitMs=5000):
time.sleep(waitMs/1000)
if self.get_current_activity() == activity:
return True
else:
raise self.ActivityNotFoundException()
def get_current_input_method(self):
return self.shell_cmd('ime list -s')
# 应用相关方法
def reset_app(self, pkgname):
self.shell_cmd('pm clear ' + pkgname)
def start_activity(self, app_pkg, app_main):
self.shell_cmd('am start -n ' + app_pkg + '/' + app_main)
def stop_app(self, app_pkg):
self.shell_cmd('am force-stop ' + app_pkg)
def install_app(self, apk_path):
os.popen('adb -s ' + self.device_id + ' install -r ' + apk_path)
def uninstall_app(self, pkgname):
self.shell_cmd('pm uninstall ' + pkgname)
def get_installed_app(self):
ret = self.shell_cmd('pm list packages')
pkgs = []
for x in xrange(0, len(ret)):
pkgs[x] = pkgs[x].split(':')[1].strip('\r\n')
return pkgs
def get_pkgs_by_type(self, app_type):
if app_type == 'sys':
ret = os.popen('adb -s ' + self.device_id + ' shell pm list packages -s').readlines()
elif app_type == 'user':
ret = os.popen('adb -s ' + self.device_id + ' shell pm list packages -3').readlines()
pkgs = []
for x in xrange(0, ret):
pkgs[x] = ret[x].split(':')[1].strip('\r\n')
return pkgs
def is_app_installed(self, pkg):
pkgs = self.get_installed_app()
if pkg in pkgs:
return True
else:
return False
# 用户事件相关方法
def click(self, x, y):
self.shell_cmd("input tap " + str(x) + ' ' + str(y))
def press_keycode(self, keyname):
self.shell_cmd('input keyevent ' + str(Keycode().get(keyname)))
def swipe(self, start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, duration=50):
self.shell_cmd('input swipe ' + start_x + ' ' + start_y + ' ' + end_x + ' ' + end_y + ' ' + str(duration))
def input_text(self, text):
# self.shell_cmd('input text "' + text + '"')
print isinstance(text, unicode)
if not isinstance(text, unicode):
import unicodedata
text = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', text).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
print text
self.shell_cmd('am broadcast -a MOB_INPUT_TEXT --es text ' + text)
def reboot(self, to=None):
if to == 'recovery':
# recovery mode
self.shell_cmd('reboot recovery')
elif to == 'bootloader':
# fastboot mode
self.shell_cmd('reboot bootloader')
# UI元素相关方法
def __uidump__(self):
# Dump Current control tree --compressed
temp = self.shell_cmd('"uiautomator dump /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml|cat /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml"')
with open(self.tempFile + '\\uidump.xml', 'w') as f:
f.write(str(temp))
f.close()
# os.popen("adb -s " + self.device_id + " pull /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml " + self.tempFile)
def __element__(self, attrib, name):
# 同属性单个元素,返回单个坐标元组
self.__uidump__()
tree = ET.ElementTree(file=self.tempFile + "\\uidump.xml")
for elem in tree.iter(tag="node"):
if elem.attrib[attrib] == name:
bounds = elem.attrib["bounds"]
coord = self.pattern.findall(bounds)
x = (int(coord[2]) - int(coord[0])) / 2.0 + int(coord[0])
y = (int(coord[3]) - int(coord[1])) / 2.0 + int(coord[1])
ele = self.Element(x, y, self.device_id)
return ele
def __elements__(self, attrib, name):
# 同属性多个元素,返回坐标元组列表
elements = []
self.__uidump__()
tree = ET.ElementTree(file=self.tempFile + "\\uidump.xml")
for elem in tree.iter(tag="node"):
if elem.attrib[attrib] == name:
bounds = elem.attrib["bounds"]
coord = self.pattern.findall(bounds)
x = (int(coord[2]) - int(coord[0])) / 2.0 + int(coord[0])
y = (int(coord[3]) - int(coord[1])) / 2.0 + int(coord[1])
ele = self.Element(x, y, self.device_id)
elements.append(ele)
return elements
def find_element_by_id(self, res_id):
element = self.__element__('resource-id', res_id)
if element is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return element
def find_elements_by_id(self, res_id):
elements = self.__elements__('resource-id', res_id)
if elements is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return elements
def find_element_by_name(self, name):
element = self.__element__('text', name)
if element is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return element
def find_elements_by_name(self, name):
elements = self.__elements__('text', name)
if elements is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return elements
def find_element_by_class(self, classname):
element = self.__element__('class', classname)
if element is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return element
def find_elements_by_class(self, classname):
elements = self.__elements__('class', classname)
if elements is None:
raise self.ElementNotFoundException()
return elements
'''
def find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath):
return Element.findElementByName(xpath)
def find_elements_by_xpath(self, res_id):
return self.find_element_by(xpath)
'''
# 微框架方法测试
if __name__ == '__main__':
util = Utils()
device_id = util.find_devices()[0]
device = Device(device_id)
device.__uidump__()
xy = device.find_element_by_name(u'相机')
print xy.x, xy.y
print device.check_root()
# 演示获取sdk level
print device.get_sdk()
# 演示获取abi
print device.get_abi()
# 演示获取屏幕分辨率
print device.get_screensize()
# 演示获取设备时间
print device.get_device_datetime()
# 演示获取设备截屏
device.save_screenshot()
# 演示获取当前activity
print device.get_current_activity()
# 演示获取当前包
print device.get_current_pkg()
# 演示等待activity启动
device.wait_for_activity('net.oneplus.launcher/net.oneplus.launcher.Launcher', 2)
# # 演示等待activity启动未找到抛异常
# device.wait_for_activity('aa')
# 演示列出当前输入法
print device.get_current_input_method()
AndroidKeycode.py
# coding:utf-8
class Keycode(object):
"""docstring for Keycode"""
# Keycode for android
def __init__(self):
super(Keycode, self).__init__()
event_code_list = {
# Keycode for phone
'KEYCODE_CALL': 5,
'KEYCODE_ENDCALL': 6,
'KEYCODE_HOME': 3,
'KEYCODE_MENU': 82,
'KEYCODE_BACK': 4,
'KEYCODE_SEARCH': 84,
'KEYCODE_CAMERA': 27,
'KEYCODE_FOCUS': 80,
'KEYCODE_POWER': 26,
'KEYCODE_NOTIFICATION': 83,
'KEYCODE_VOLUME_MUTE': 164,
'KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP': 24,
'KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN': 25,
# Keycode for control
'KEYCODE_ENTER': 66,
'KEYCODE_ESCAPE': 111,
'KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER': 23,
'KEYCODE_DPAD_UP': 19,
'KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN': 20,
'KEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT': 21,
'KEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT': 22,
'KEYCODE_MOVE_HOME': 122,
'KEYCODE_MOVE_END': 123,
'KEYCODE_PAGE_UP': 92,
'KEYCODE_PAGE_DOWN': 93,
'KEYCODE_DEL': 67,
'KEYCODE_FORWARD_DEL': 112,
'KEYCODE_INSERT': 124,
'KEYCODE_TAB': 61,
'KEYCODE_NUM_LOCK': 143,
'KEYCODE_CAPS_LOCK': 115,
'KEYCODE_BREAK': 121,
'KEYCODE_SCROLL_LOCK': 116,
'KEYCODE_ZOOM_IN': 168,
'KEYCODE_ZOOM_OUT': 169,
# Keycode for basic
'KEYCODE_0': 7,
'KEYCODE_1': 8,
'KEYCODE_2': 9,
'KEYCODE_3': 10,
'KEYCODE_4': 11,
'KEYCODE_5': 12,
'KEYCODE_6': 13,
'KEYCODE_7': 14,
'KEYCODE_8': 15,
'KEYCODE_9': 16,
'KEYCODE_A': 29,
'KEYCODE_B': 30,
'KEYCODE_C': 31,
'KEYCODE_D': 32,
'KEYCODE_E': 33,
'KEYCODE_F': 34,
'KEYCODE_G': 35,
'KEYCODE_H': 36,
'KEYCODE_I': 37,
'KEYCODE_J': 38,
'KEYCODE_K': 39,
'KEYCODE_L': 40,
'KEYCODE_M': 41,
'KEYCODE_N': 42,
'KEYCODE_O': 43,
'KEYCODE_P': 44,
'KEYCODE_Q': 45,
'KEYCODE_R': 46,
'KEYCODE_S': 47,
'KEYCODE_T': 48,
'KEYCODE_U': 49,
'KEYCODE_V': 50,
'KEYCODE_W': 51,
'KEYCODE_X': 52,
'KEYCODE_Y': 53,
'KEYCODE_Z': 54,
# Keycode for symbol
'KEYCODE_PLUS': 3,
'KEYCODE_MINUS': 3,
}
def get(self, keyname):
return self.event_code_list[keyname]