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众所周知，Robotium 的 2 大痛处 >> 重签名、跨应用

重签名： 在我看来这个不是大问题，找研发要签名，然后签名我们的测试应用，就可以保持与被测应用签名的一致性。

跨应用：这个在之前是比较蛋疼的，网上的方案也是大多不适用。今天我就为这个给大家分享一下我的方案。

灵感来源

​ 抢红包应用层出不穷，到底它们是怎样抢到微信的红包呢？带着这个疑问，查阅了一下资料，发现它们是通过 Android 的辅助功能来实现的，于是我的方案是UiAutomation + Accessibility

重视 Robotium

​ 2 大痛处都解决了，那么优势就来啦，比Appium更快的速度，且与被测应用共享数据 ，这是我选择它的原因。

原理浅析

​ Robotium 基于 Instrumentation 的二次封装，然而 UiAutomation 也能通过instrumentation.getUiAutomation()拿到。顺带提一下 Uiautomator 也是基于 UiAutomation 的封装。

UiAutomation 跨应用操作三大利器：

setOnAccessibilityEventListener() 开启 Accessibility

executeShellCommand() 执行 shell 命令（权限比Runtime.getRuntime().exec()高，相当于 adb shell）

injectInputEvent() 注入事件，比如点击。

Accessibility 查找控件的 2 种方式：

findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId() 通过完整的资源查找

findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText() 通过文本查找

以上具体的方法查阅 API 描述即可。

举一反三

​ 目前已实现跨应用点击、输入文本、点击通知栏、拍照、授权、QQ 登录等等，其他跨应用场景也是类似。只要掌握原理浅析列出的几个核心方法，我相信跨应用处理已经不是问题了，这里只是抛砖引玉。

场景实例

点击

/**
     * Work across application boundaries for click.
     * @param x the x coordinate
     * @param y the y coordinate
     */
    public void acrossForClick(float x, float y){
        MotionEvent motionDown = MotionEvent.obtain(SystemClock.uptimeMillis(), SystemClock.uptimeMillis(), KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN,
                x,  y, 0);
        motionDown.setSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
        uiAutomation.injectInputEvent(motionDown, true);
        MotionEvent motionUp = MotionEvent.obtain(SystemClock.uptimeMillis(), SystemClock.uptimeMillis(), KeyEvent.ACTION_UP,
                x, y, 0);
        motionUp.setSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN);
        uiAutomation.injectInputEvent(motionUp, true);
        motionUp.recycle();
        motionDown.recycle();
    }

拍照

/**
     * Work across application boundaries for camera.
     * @param viewId The fully qualified resource name of the view id to find. e.g: com.sec.android.app.camera:id/okay
     */
    public void acrossForCamera(String viewId){
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "acrossForCamera()");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) return;
        UiAutomation uiAutomation = instrumentation.getUiAutomation();
        uiAutomation.setOnAccessibilityEventListener(new UiAutomation.OnAccessibilityEventListener() {
            @Override
            public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
                if (event.getEventType() == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED) {
                    if (viewId.contains(event.getPackageName())) {
                        if (event.getSource() != null) {
                            List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> infoList = event.getSource().findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId(viewId);
                            if (infoList == null || infoList.isEmpty()) return;
                            performClick(infoList.get(0));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        sleep(2000);
        uiAutomation.executeShellCommand("input keyevent 27");
    }

授权（核心代码）

/**
     * Requests permissions to be granted to this application.
     */
    public void requestPermissions(){
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            String[] permissions = checkPermissions();
            if (permissions == null || permissions.length == 0) return;
            final String manufacturer = getManufacturer();
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, permissions, 10000);
            UiAutomation uiAutomation = instrumentation.getUiAutomation();
            uiAutomation.setOnAccessibilityEventListener(new UiAutomation.OnAccessibilityEventListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
                    android.util.Log.d(LOG_TAG, "UiAutomation: " + event.toString());
                    if (manufacturer.toLowerCase().contains("mi")) {
                        handlePermissions(event, PACKAGE_INSTALLER_XIAOMI, PERMISSION_ALLOW_ID_XIAOMI);
                    } else handlePermissions(event, PACKAGE_INSTALLER, PERMISSION_ALLOW_ID);
                }
            });
        }
    }

QQ 登录

/**
     * Work across application boundaries for QQ login.
     */
    public void acrossForQQLogin(String account, String password){
        boolean installed = isInstalled(QQ);
        if (!installed) {
            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "QQ is not installed.");
            return;
        }
        uiAutomation.setOnAccessibilityEventListener(new UiAutomation.OnAccessibilityEventListener() {
            @Override
            public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
                Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Event: " + event.toString());
                if (event.getEventType() == TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED && QQ.contains(event.getPackageName())){
                    handleQQLogin(event, account, password);
                    handleAuthorization(event);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void handleAuthorization(AccessibilityEvent event) {
        if (event.getClassName().toString().contains("com.tencent.open.agent.AuthorityActivity")) {
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "QQ Login: " + event.toString());
            sleep(2000);
            AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = uiAutomation.getRootInActiveWindow();
            IterationNode(nodeInfo, "android.widget.Button");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Loop through the view and click.
     * @param nodeInfo node
     * @param name class name, e.g: android.widget.Button
     */
    private void IterationNode(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo, String name) {
        for (int i = 0; i < nodeInfo.getChildCount(); i ++){
            AccessibilityNodeInfo node = nodeInfo.getChild(i);
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "QQ Login nodeInfo.getChild(i): " + node.getClassName());
            if(name.contains(node.getClassName())) {
                // Click the authorization button.
                performClick(node);
                break;
            } else IterationNode(node, name);
        }
    }

    private void handleQQLogin(AccessibilityEvent event, String account, String password) {
        if (event.getClassName().toString().contains("com.tencent.qqconnect.wtlogin.Login")) {
            AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = uiAutomation.getRootInActiveWindow();
            List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> infoList = nodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.tencent.mobileqq:id/account");
            if (infoList == null || infoList.isEmpty()) return;
            // Click the account edit text and enter text.
            performClick(infoList.get(0));
            acrossForEnterText(account);
            infoList = nodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.tencent.mobileqq:id/password");
            if (infoList == null || infoList.isEmpty()) return;
            // Click the password edit text and enter text.
            performClick(infoList.get(0));
            acrossForEnterText(password);
            sleep(4000);
            IterationNode(nodeInfo, "android.widget.Button");
        }
    }

部分演示及完整代码

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