Calabash 是一个自动化测试框架,它可以测试 Android 和 iOS 原生应用和混合应用。
它有:
Calabash-android 是支持 android 的 UI 自动化测试框架,PC 端使用了 cucumber 框架,通过 http 和 json 与模拟器和真机上安装的测试 apk 通信,测试 apk 调用 Robotium 的方法来进行 UI 自动化测试,支持 webview 操作。
user stories
。指定 JAVA 环境变量, Android SDK 环境变量(ANDROID_HOME), Ant 加入到 PATH 中去。
gem install calabash-android
sudo gem install calabash-android # 如果权限不够用这个。
如有疑问,请参考: https://github.com/calabash/calabash-android/blob/master/documentation/installation.md
calabash-android gen
会生成如下的目录结构:
➜ calabash tree
.
features
|_support
| |_app_installation_hooks.rb
| |_app_life_cycle_hooks.rb
| |_env.rb
|_step_definitions
| |_calabash_steps.rb
|_my_first.feature
像一般的 cucumber 测试一样,我们只要在 feature 文件里添加测试用例即可。比如我们测试 ContactManager.apk(android sdk sample 里面的, Appium 也用这个 apk)。
我们想实现,
所以我们的 feature 应该是这样的:
Feature: Login feature
Scenario: As a valid user I can log into my app
When I press "Add Contact"
Then I see "Target Account"
Then I enter "hello" into input field number 1
Then I enter "13817861875" into input field number 2
Then I enter "hengwen@hotmail.com" into input field number 3
When I press "Save"
Then I wait for 1 second
Then I toggle checkbox number 1
Then I see "hello"
这里 input field number 就针对了 ContactAdder Activity 中输入框。我现在这样写其实不太友好,比较好的方式是进行再次封装,对 DSL 撰写者透明。比如:
When I enter "hello" as "Contact Name"
step_definition
When (/^I enter "([^\"]*)" as "([^\"]*)"$/) do | text, target |
index = case target
when "Contact Name": 1
...
end
steps %{
Then I enter #{text} into input field number #{index}
}
end
这样 feature 可读性会强一点。
在运行之前,我们对 apk 还是得处理下,否则会遇到一些问题。
因为 calabash-android 的 client 和 test server 需要通信,所以要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
由于 ContacerManager 运行时候,需要你一定要有一个账户,如果没有账户 Save 的时候会出错。为了便于运行,我们要修改下。
源代码地址在 $ANDROID_HOME/samples/android-19/legacy/ContactManager
,大家自己去找。
需要修改 com.example.android.contactmanager.ContactAdder
类里面的 createContactEntry
方法,我们需要对 mSelectedAccount 进行判断, 修改地方如下:
// Prepare contact creation request
//
// Note: We use RawContacts because this data must be associated with a particular account.
// The system will aggregate this with any other data for this contact and create a
// coresponding entry in the ContactsContract.Contacts provider for us.
ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> ops = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();
if(mSelectedAccount != null ) {
ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_URI)
.withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, mSelectedAccount.getType())
.withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, mSelectedAccount.getName())
.build());
} else {
ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_URI)
.withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, null)
.withValue(ContactsContract.RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, null)
.build());
}
....
if (mSelectedAccount != null) {
// Ask the Contact provider to create a new contact
Log.i(TAG,"Selected account: " + mSelectedAccount.getName() + " (" +
mSelectedAccount.getType() + ")");
} else {
Log.i(TAG,"No selected account");
}
代码修改好之后,导出 apk 文件。
运行很简单:
calabash-android run <apk>
如果遇到签名问题,请用: calabash-android resign apk
。
可以看看我运行的情况:
➜ calabash calabash-android run ContactManager.apk
Feature: Login feature
Scenario: As a valid user I can log into my app # features/my_first.feature:3
3135 KB/s (556639 bytes in 0.173s)
3315 KB/s (26234 bytes in 0.007s)
When I press "Add Contact" # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/press_button_steps.rb:17
Then I see "Target Account" # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/assert_steps.rb:5
Then I enter "hello" into input field number 1 # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/enter_text_steps.rb:5
Then I enter "13817861875" into input field number 2 # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/enter_text_steps.rb:5
Then I enter "hengwen@hotmail.com" into input field number 3 # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/enter_text_steps.rb:5
When I press "Save" # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/press_button_steps.rb:17
Then I wait for 1 second # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/progress_steps.rb:18
Then I toggle checkbox number 1 # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/check_box_steps.rb:1
Then I see "hello" # calabash-android-0.4.21/lib/calabash-android/steps/assert_steps.rb:5
1 scenario (1 passed)
9 steps (9 passed)
0m28.304s
All pass!
大家看到 gif 是 failed,是因为在模拟器上运行的。而上面全部通过的是我在海信手机上运行的。环境不一样,略有差异。
本文是对 calabash-android 的一个简单介绍,做的是抛砖引玉的活。移动测试框架并非 Appium 一家,TesterHome 希望其他框架的话题也能热火起来。watch and learn!