通用技术新手入门-如何搭建 SpringMVC 框架

王华 · 2016年11月28日 · 最后由 Nan 回复于 2016年11月28日 · 3532 次阅读

最近项目不是很紧急，闲下来了想学一下 web 和数据库交互，听说 SpringMVC 框架是个轻量级的框架，第一步先搭建框架：

第一步：创建 Maven 工程
.

第二步：配置 POM.xml

下载 SpringMVC 需要的依赖包
这个是我的 pom.xml 文件的配置


 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.njiang</groupId>
  <artifactId>nan</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>nan Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
        <artifactId>geronimo-servlet_2.5_spec</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>nan</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

这个配置完成后，进入整个工程名，点击：update Maven ，此时会触发下载依赖包，依赖包下载下来如下图：

第三步：

配置 servelt.xml

配置 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.3" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_3.xsd">

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>display2</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>display2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

配置 display2-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Bean头部 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd              
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 激活@Controller模式 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 对包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能 需要更改 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="monitor" />

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />

    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix">
            <value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.jsp</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

配置 applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
</beans>

第四步：以上三步配置完成后，开始写几个简单的 jsp 文件和处理文件

整个目录结构是这样的：

1 > 最外层的 index.jsp nan/src/main/webapp/index.jsp


<%
    request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
%>

2 > webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp


 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${command}
</body>
</html>

3 > /main/webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp


<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form action="login" methed="get">
            <input type="text" name="username">
            <input type="submit" value="SUBMIT">
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

4 > /src/main/java/domain/LoginForm.java


package domain;


public class LoginForm {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

5 > nan/src/main/java/monitor/LoginController.java


package monitor;


import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import domain.LoginForm;

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    @RequestMapping(value="login")
    public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,LoginForm command ){
        String username = command.getUsername();
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("index/index","command","LOGIN SUCCESS, " + username);
        return mv;
    }
}