学习过程中的经验总结

1、如何元素定位

首先找到该元素，（微信开发工具 > 调试器 > Wxml）
根据元素不同位置、属性、标签等，自行选择元素定位方式，支持

• 选择器 selector (id/class/标签/属性等)
• 选择器 selector + inner_text/text_contains/value
• XPath 定位

2、自定义组件有三种定位方式，通过 xpath 也可定位

• get_element（）参数可选不同选择器，包括 xpath 定位元素
• get_element_by_xpath（）通过 xpath 定位元素

3、如何选择定位元素方式

有自定义组件元素

• 使用 [>>>] 连接自定义组件及其后代元素
• custom-element1>>>.custom-element2>>>.the-descendant
• custom-element1 和 .custom-element2 必须是自定义组件标签或者能获取到自定义组件的选择器
• 先 get 自定义组件, 再使用 Element.get_element 获取其子节点
• XPath 定位

普通元素

• XPath 定位
• 选择器 selector（ID 选择器/class 选择器/标签选择器/子元素选择器/后代选择器/多选择器的并集）

4、minitest 生成的测试报告为空

解决方法：
执行命令

minitest -m test.first_test -c config.json -g

测试用例的执行可以用执行 unittest 的方式，也可以用官方提供的脚本 minitest 来加载用例，相关的参数说明如下:

minitest 命令
-h, --help: 使用帮助。

-v, --version: 查看 minium 的版本。

-p PATH/--path PATH: 用例所在的文件夹，默认当前路径。

-m MODULE_PATH, --module MODULE_PATH: 用例的包名或者文件名

--case CASE_NAME: test_开头的用例名

-s SUITE, --suite SUITE:测试计划文件，文件的格式如下:

{
  "pkg_list": [
    {
      "case_list": [
        "test_*"
      ],
      "pkg": "test.*_test"
    }
  ]
}

suite.json的pkg_list字段说明要执行用例的内容和顺序，pkg_list是一个数组，每个数组元素是一个匹配规则，会根据pkg去匹配包名，找到测试类，然后再根据case_list里面的规则去查找测试类的测试用例。可以根据需要编写匹配的粒度。注意匹配规则不是正则表达式，而是通配符。

测试文件可以指定特定的用例，规定执行顺序

-c CONFIG, --config CONFIG:配置文件名，配置项目参考配置文件

-g, --generate: 生成网页测试报告

--module_search_path [SYS_PATH_LIST [SYS_PATH_LIST ...]]: 添加 module 的搜索路径

-a, --accounts: 查看开发者工具当前登录的多账号, 需要通过 9420 端口,以自动化模式打开开发者工具

--mode RUN_MODE: 选择以parallel(并行, 每个账号从队列中取一个pkg运行, 完成后取下一个)或者fork(复刻, 每个帐号都跑全部的pkg)的方式运行用例

--task-limit-time: 任务超时时间，如果到期还没跑完测试，直接终止测试进程. 单位: s

5、为什么小程序底部菜单栏页面跳转失败

例如以下报错信息

minium.framework.exception.MiniAppError: can not redirectTo a tabbar page

该页面为 tabbar 页面，需调用 switch_tab() 跳转 注：页面 url 前面需加上 “/”

6、自定义日志信息

Minium 框架提供 Logger 类，自定义各级别日志信息

self.logger.info("")
self.logger.debug("")
self.logger.warn("")

7、用例执行耗时优化

缩短元素查找时间

例如该用例中获取元素方式，查找慢，会导致用例执行时长长

self.page.get_element("view", inner_text="xxx", max_timeout=5)

元素定位用基础标签 view、text 方式，时间相对会长，建议用特别的 class 等 css 选择器定位，或者尝试用 xpath（//view）

8、连接超时问题

本地调试，控制台出现报错时

Exception: receive from remote timeout, id: f933c71e-bc2b-41b7-b286-29c65dd0d4d8

一般是因为 ide 的通道被远程调试占用了，请检查 ide 是否有打开。建议关闭工具，重新执行，防止端口被占用，或者网络环境等原因引起的。

9、minium 自动化怎么授权位置信息弹窗

https://minitest.weixin.qq.com/#/minium/Python/api/Native?id=allow_authorize

测试用例 DEMO

# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
@Author  : Charles
@Contact : MyProject@MyProject.com
@File    : MyProject_test.py
@Create Time: 2022-06-30 09:26
@Description: XXXXXXXXXXXX
"""

import unittest
import time
import minium
from common import db_func
from common.db_func import get_current_time
from common.message import send_failmessage

execid = int(time.time())
print("execid: ", execid)


@minium.ddt_class
class MyProject(minium.MiniTest):
    """
    MyProjectMyProjectMyProjectMyProjectMyProjectMyProject
    """
    case_name = "MyProject"
    case_field = "MyProject"
    project_name = "MyProject"

    show_livedata_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))
    show_offline_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))


    @minium.ddt_case("43338957","43338966", "43338976", "43338978", "44280929", "43338962", "43338960", "43338961",
                     "43338954", "43338956", "43338958", "43338955", "43338959", "43338950", "43338952", "43338951",
                     "43338953", "43338963", "43338965", "43338967", "43338964", "43338968", "43338969", "43338970",
                     "43338971", "43338972", "43338973", "43338974", "43338975", "43338977", "43338979", "44280927",
                     "44280930", "44280921", "44280922", "44280917", "44280918", "44280920", "44280923", "44280924",
                     "44280925", "44280926")
    def test_device_livedata(self, args):
        """
        MyProjectMyProjectMyProjectMyProjectMyProject
        """
        self.page.wait_for(2)
        # 用例开始时间
        case_starttime = get_current_time()

        try:
            if self.page.get_element("/page/view/equip//view/view[3]/view[1]/view[2]/view[2]",
                                 text_contains="MyProject",
                                 max_timeout=5).inner_text == "MyProject":
                self.page.wait_for(2)
        except:
            if self.page.get_element("/page/view/equip//view/view[3]/view[2]",
                                 text_contains="MyProject",
                                 max_timeout=5).inner_text == "MyProject":
                self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 点击设备搜索框
        try:
            elem = self.page.get_element("input[name='input'][placeholder='MyProject']",
                                         inner_text="MyProject",
                                         text_contains="MyProject",
                                         value="MyProject",
                                         max_timeout=5)
        except:
            elem = self.page.get_element("/page/view/equip//view/view[1]/view/view[2]/input", max_timeout=5)
        elem.click()
        self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 设备搜索框中输入设备号
        device_number = args
        try:
            elem = self.page.get_element("input[name='input'][placeholder='MyProject']", max_timeout=5)
        except:
            elem = self.page.get_element("/page/view/view/view[1]/view/view[2]/input", max_timeout=5)
        elem.trigger("input", {"value": device_number})
        self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 点击搜索图标进行搜索
        elem = self.page.get_element("/page/view/view/view[1]/view/view[1]/image", max_timeout=5)
        elem.click()
        self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 点击设备，跳转到设备详情页
        try:
            elem = self.page.get_element("text.text-black", max_timeout=5)
        except:
            elem = self.page.get_element("/page/view/view/view[2]/view/scroll-view/view",
                                         inner_text="MyProject",
                                         text_contains="MyProject",
                                         value="MyProject",
                                         max_timeout=5)
        elem.click()

        # 获取当前楼层数据
        trigger_data_time = get_current_time()
        print("获取当前楼层数据 trigger_data_time:  ", trigger_data_time)

        try:
            # 判断状态是否为--
            start_time = time.time()
            floor_number = '--'
            while self.page.element_is_exists("/page/view/view[2]/view[2]/view/view[1]/view/view[2]/text"):
                print("While True: 继续执行下面的代码")
                if floor_number == '--':
                    end_time = time.time()
                    duration = end_time - start_time
                    print("数据加载时间: ", duration)
                    print("-------------------判断加载时间是否大于60秒-----------------")
                    if duraion > 60:
                        # 超过60秒默认数据加载失败，获取当前设备掉线时间
                        MyProject.show_offline_time = get_current_time()
                        MyProject.show_livedata_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))
                        print("超过60秒默认数据加载失败，数据加载失败的时间: ", MyProject.show_offline_time,
                              "实时数据设为默认时间", MyProject.show_livedata_time)
                        break
                floor_marking = self.page.get_element(
                    "/page/view/view[2]/view[2]/view/view[1]/view/view[2]/text",
                    max_timeout=5).inner_text
                floor_number = floor_marking.strip()
                print("循环语句下，当前楼层数为:", floor_number)
                if floor_number != "--" and floor_number != "----" and floor_number != "设备DTU掉线" and floor_number != "设备CPU掉线":
                    MyProject.show_livedata_time = get_current_time()
                    MyProject.show_offline_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))
                    print("循环语句下，实时数据成功展示时间: ", MyProject.show_livedata_time,
                          "设备掉线时间设为默认值", MyProject.show_offline_time)
                    break
                elif floor_number == "----":
                    floor_marking = self.page.get_element(
                        "/page/view/view[2]/view[2]/view/view[1]/view/view[2]/text",
                        max_timeout=5).inner_text
                    floor_number = floor_marking.strip()
                    print("发现xpath路径，再次进行取值，当前楼层数为:", floor_number)
                    MyProject.show_livedata_time = get_current_time()
                    MyProject.show_offline_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))
                    print("循环语句下，实时数据成功展示时间: ", MyProject.show_livedata_time,
                          "设备掉线时间设为默认值", MyProject.show_offline_time)
                    break
                else:
                    print("设备实时数据，存在异常。")
                continue

        except:
            # 进入设备掉线的页面
            print("等待状态已改变，进入设备掉线的页面。。。。。。。。。。")
            floor = self.page.get_element("/page/view/view[2]/view[2]/view/view[1]/text",
                                          text_contains="掉线",
                                          max_timeout=5)
            floor_marking = floor.inner_text
            floor_number = floor_marking.strip()
            print("当前楼层数为: ", floor_number)
            MyProject.show_offline_time = get_current_time()
            MyProject.show_livedata_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(0))
            print("进入设备掉线的页面，设备掉线的时间: ", MyProject.show_offline_time,
                  "设备掉线，实时数据设为默认时间", MyProject.show_livedata_time)

        # 楼层数据校验
        if floor_number != "" and floor_number != "--" and floor_number != "设备XXX掉线" and floor_number != "设备YYY掉线":
            floor_int_value = ["-", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"]
            floor_str_value = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M",
                               "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"]
            if 1 < len(floor_number) < 7:
                if floor_number[0] in floor_int_value and floor_number[1] in floor_int_value:
                    # 如果楼层数为正负数开头的，且第二位是数字，说明数据显示正常，进行类型转换
                    self.assertTrue(floor_number, "当前楼层显示正常，楼层为: {}".format(int(floor_number)))
                    assert_status = "pass"

                elif floor_number[0] in floor_str_value and floor_number[1] in floor_int_value:
                    # 如果楼层数第一位是字母，第二位是数字，说明数据依然是显示正常，不需要进行类型转换
                    self.assertTrue(floor_number, "当前楼层显示正常，楼层为: {}".format(floor_number))
                    assert_status = "pass"

                else:
                    # 电梯数据存在异常，直接推送报警
                    send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field,
                                     floor_number)
                    assert_status = "fail"
                    case_endtime = get_current_time()
                    # 写入数据库
                    db = db_func.connect_db()
                    sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                          "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                          "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                        (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number,
                         trigger_data_time,
                         MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                         assert_status)
                    db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
                    self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

            elif len(floor_number) == 1:
                if floor_number[0] in floor_int_value:
                    # 如果楼层数为单个数字，说明数据显示正常，进行类型转换
                    self.assertTrue(floor_number, "当前楼层显示正常，楼层为: {}".format(int(floor_number)))
                    assert_status = "pass"
                elif floor_number[0] in floor_str_value:
                    # 如果楼层数为单个字母，说明数据显示正常，进行类型转换
                    self.assertTrue(floor_number, "当前楼层显示正常，楼层为: {}".format(floor_number))
                    assert_status = "pass"

                else:
                    # 如果楼层数不是单个数字或者单个字母，说明数据显示异常，直接推送报警
                    send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field,
                                     floor_number)
                    assert_status = "fail"
                    case_endtime = get_current_time()
                    # 写入数据库
                    db = db_func.connect_db()
                    sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                          "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                          "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                        (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number,
                         trigger_data_time,
                         MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                         assert_status)
                    db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
                    self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

            else:
                # 如果获取到的数据长度不是1，2，7，说明是其他内容，直接推送报警
                send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field,
                                 floor_number)
                assert_status = "fail"
                case_endtime = get_current_time()
                # 写入数据库
                db = db_func.connect_db()
                sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                      "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                      "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                    (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
                     MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                     assert_status)
                db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
                self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

        elif floor_number == "设备XXX掉线":
            # 设备掉线，直接推送报警
            send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number)
            assert_status = "fail"
            case_endtime = get_current_time()
            # 写入数据库
            db = db_func.connect_db()
            sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                  "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                  "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
                 MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                 assert_status)
            db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
            self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

        elif floor_number == "设备YYY掉线":
            # 设备掉线，直接推送报警
            send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number)
            assert_status = "fail"
            case_endtime = get_current_time()
            # 写入数据库
            db = db_func.connect_db()
            sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                  "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                  "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
                 MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                 assert_status)
            db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
            self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

        elif floor_number == "--" or floor_number == "----":
            # 实时数据没有加载出来，推送报警
            send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number)
            assert_status = "fail"
            case_endtime = get_current_time()
            # 写入数据库
            db = db_func.connect_db()
            sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                  "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                  "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
                 MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                 assert_status)
            db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
            self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息未成功显示，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

        else:
            # 楼层信息显示为其他字符，说明电梯存在异常，直接推送报警
            send_failmessage(self.case_name, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number)
            assert_status = "fail"
            case_endtime = get_current_time()
            # 写入数据库
            db = db_func.connect_db()
            sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
                  "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
                  "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
                (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
                 MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
                 assert_status)
            db_func.db_insert(db, sql)
            self.assertFalse(floor_number, "楼层信息显示异常，楼层为:{}".format(floor_number))

        # 返回上一级：搜索结果页
        self.page.wait_for(2)
        self.app.navigate_back()
        self.page.wait_for(2)
        # 返回上一级：小程序首页
        self.app.navigate_back()
        self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 测试用例结束时间
        case_endtime = get_current_time()
        self.page.wait_for(2)

        # 数据写入数据库
        db = db_func.connect_db()
        sql = "insert INTO device (execid, device_number, project_name, case_field, case_content, triggertime, " \
              "showtime, offlinetime, starttime, endtime, status) " \
              "VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}');".format \
            (execid, device_number, self.project_name, self.case_field, floor_number, trigger_data_time,
             MyProject.show_livedata_time, MyProject.show_offline_time, case_starttime, case_endtime,
             assert_status)
        db_func.db_insert(db, sql)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    loaded_suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(KoneView)
    result = unittest.TextTestRunner().run(loaded_suite)