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性能测试工具 PMM(Percona Monitoring and Management) 监控 MySQL 性能

wholegale39 · 2021年06月16日 · 2409 次阅读

前言

  • Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM) 是一款开源的专用于管理和监控 MySQL、MongoDB、PostgreSQL、ProxySQL、AWS RDS 性能的开源平台，并且可以监控前述这些数据库所在的服务器资源，通过 PMM 客户端收集到的 DB 监控数据用第三方软件 Grafana 画图展示出来。
  • 通过 PMM，可以获得以下信息

1、广泛的可视化系统性能指标
2、收集并分析复杂的多系统拓扑结构的数据
3、深入发现效率低下原因，预测性能问题，或解决现有问题
4、注意潜在的安全问题并补救他们

PMM 简介

PMM Server 架构

PMM Server

  • Query Analytics (QAN) 可以在时间段内分析 MySQL 查询性能，除了客户端 QAN 代理外，它还包括以下内容
    • QAN API 是用于存储和访问由在 PMM 客户端上运行的 QAN 代理收集的查询数据的后端.
    • QAN Web App 应用程序是一个用于可视化收集的查询分析数据的 Web 应用程序.
  • Metrics Monitor 提供对 MySQL 或 MongoDB Server 实例至关重要的指标的历史视图，它包括以下内容:
    • VictoriaMetrics, 时序型数据库. (Replaced Prometheus in PMM 2.12.0.)
    • ClickHouse 是第三方列式存储数据库，方便查询分析功能.
    • Grafana 是一款用 Go 语言开发的开源数据可视化工具,可以做数据监控和数据统计,带有告警功能.
    • Percona Dashboards 是我们开发的 Grafana 的一组仪表板.

PMM Client 架构

PMM Client

  • pmm-admin 是用于管理 PMM 客户端的命令行工具，例如，添加和删除要监视的数据库实例. (Read more.

  • pmm-agent 是一个客户端组件，是一个最小的命令行界面，它是带来客户端功能的中央入口点：它携带客户的身份验证，获取存储在 PMM 服务器上的客户端配置，管理性能数据收集器和其他代理.

  • node_exporter 服务器性能数据收集器.

  • mysqld_exporter MySQL 性能数据收集器.

  • mongodb_exporter MongoDB 性能数据收集器.

  • postgres_exporter PostgreSQL 性能数据收集器.

  • proxysql_exporter ProxySQL 性能数据收集器.

  • rds_exporter Amazon RDS 性能数据收集器.

  • azure_database_exporter Azure database 性能数据收集器.

安装部署

PMM Server

  • 创建docker-compose_prometheus_grafana.yml配置文件
cd /opt/docker-compose
touch docker-compose_pmm-server.yml
  • 编辑docker-compose_pmm-server.yml文件并键入
services:
  pmm-server:
    image: percona/pmm-server:2
    hostname: pmm-server
    container_name: pmm-server
    restart: always
    logging:
      driver: json-file
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
        max-file: "5"
    ports:
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - data:/srv
volumes:
  data:

With this approach, data is stored in a volume, not in a pmm-data container.

  • 查看数据卷
docker volume ls

local               pmm-server_data
  • 如果存在垃圾数据，可以尝试以下命令进行清除
docker stop pmm-server

docker rm pmm-server

docker inspect pmm-server_data
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2021-05-28T16:16:15+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": {
            "com.docker.compose.project": "pmm-server",
            "com.docker.compose.version": "1.29.2",
            "com.docker.compose.volume": "data"
        },
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/pmm-server_data/_data",
        "Name": "pmm-server_data",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

docker volume rm -f pmm-server_data
  • 或者使用以下方式将数据存储在 pmm-data container 内
version: '2'
# version 2 of docker-compose is not "old" version, it's the actual version,
# see below for explanation:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/53636006/961092
services:
    # Percona Monitoring and Management server
    pmm-data:
        image: percona/pmm-server:2
        container_name: pmm-data
        hostname: pmm-data
        volumes:
            - /srv
        entrypoint: /bin/true

    pmm-server:
        image: percona/pmm-server:2
        hostname: pmm-server
        container_name: pmm-server
        restart: always


        # logging settings limit used disk space
        logging:
            driver: json-file
            options:
                max-size: "10m"
                max-file: "5"

        ports:
            - "443:443"
        # uncomment expose section in order to proxy requests through another container instead of
        # accessing the container directly
        # expose:
        #     - "443"

        volumes_from:
            - pmm-data
  • docker-compose 运行 docker 容器
docker-compose -p pmm-server -f docker-compose_pmm-server.yml up -d

docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               f9ed9b5237aecec9ee6c3afce336161582d4d5f79e3dbcc09dca80d78c18ac22

通过以下命令访问 pmm-server 命令查看 pmm-server 状态信息

docker exec pmm-server pmm-admin status
  • 成功后会出现以下信息
Agent ID: pmm-server
Node ID : pmm-server

PMM Server:
        URL    : https://127.0.0.1:443/
        Version: 2.17.0

PMM Client:
        Connected        : true
        Time drift       : 56.117µs
        Latency          : 428.232µs
        pmm-admin version: 2.17.0
        pmm-agent version: 2.17.0
Agents:
        /agent_id/6a7e8dcb-8aa8-4b65-8447-ff8284904348 postgresql_pgstatements_agent Running
        /agent_id/92688359-7668-47f5-9a93-eaf46ba9cf22 node_exporter Running
        /agent_id/a223620e-7a16-43ee-bf63-bd1dbe33ba01 postgres_exporter Running
  • 启动成功通过浏览器 443 端口访问 pmm-server 服务

pmm-server

  • 修改 admin 密码为 pmm-reporter

PMM Client

  • 创建docker-compose.yml配置文件
cd /opt/docker-compose/pmm-client
touch docker-compose.yml
  • 编辑docker-compose.yml文件并键入，Use unique hostnames across all PMM Clients
version: '2'
services:
  pmm-client:
    image: percona/pmm-client:2
    hostname: pmm-client-myhost
    container_name: pmm-client
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "42000:42000"
      - "42001:42001"
    logging:
      driver: json-file
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
        max-file: "5"
    volumes:
      - ./pmm-agent.yaml:/etc/pmm-agent.yaml
      - pmm-client-data:/srv
    environment:
      - PMM_AGENT_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/pmm-agent.yaml
     entrypoint: pmm-agent setup --server-insecure-tls --server-address=192.168.9.1xx:443 --server-username=admin --server-password=pmm-reporter
volumes:
  pmm-client-data:
  • 生成配置文件
cd /opt/docker-compose/pmm-client
touch pmm-agent.yaml && chmod 0666 pmm-agent.yaml

with mode 0666 so container user will be able to write to it
  • 使用以下命令启动后会立即停下，并自动映射当前目录下 pmm-agent.yaml
docker-compose up pmm-client

Creating volume "pmm-client_pmm-client-data" with default driver
Creating pmm-client ... done
Attaching to pmm-client
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.526+00:00] Loading configuration file /etc/pmm-agent.yaml.  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/node_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/mysqld_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/mongodb_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/postgres_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/proxysql_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/rds_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/azure_exporter  component=setup
pmm-client    | INFO[2021-05-28T11:51:35.542+00:00] Using /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/vmagent  component=setup
pmm-client    | Checking local pmm-agent status...
pmm-client    | pmm-agent is not running.
pmm-client    | Registering pmm-agent on PMM Server...
pmm-client    | Registered.
pmm-client    | Configuration file /etc/pmm-agent.yaml updated.
pmm-client    | Please start pmm-agent: `pmm-agent --config-file=/etc/pmm-agent.yaml`.

查看pmm-agent.yml配置信息

# Updated by `pmm-agent setup`.
---
id: /agent_id/0c514bcf-41ac-4de8-9d2c-57cb4b8523bf
listen-address: 127.0.0.1
listen-port: 7777
server:
    address: 192.168.9.1xx:443
    username: admin
    password: pmm-reporter
    insecure-tls: true
paths:
    exporters_base: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters
    node_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/node_exporter
    mysqld_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/mysqld_exporter
    mongodb_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/mongodb_exporter
    postgres_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/postgres_exporter
    proxysql_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/proxysql_exporter
    rds_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/rds_exporter
    azure_exporter: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/azure_exporter
    vmagent: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/exporters/vmagent
    tempdir: /tmp
    pt_summary: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/tools/pt-summary
    pt_pg_summary: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/tools/pt-pg-summary
    pt_mysql_summary: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/tools/pt-mysql-summary
    pt_mongodb_summary: /usr/local/percona/pmm2/tools/pt-mongodb-summary
ports:
    min: 42000
    max: 51999
debug: false
trace: false
  • 将docker-compose.yml配置文件 entrypoint 信息注释掉，如下
#     entrypoint: pmm-agent setup --server-insecure-tls --server-address=192.168.9.1xx:443 --server-username=admin --server-password=pmm-reporter
  • docker-compose 运行 docker 容器
docker-compose -p pmm-client -f docker-compose.yml up -d
Recreating pmm-client ... done
  • 通过以下命令访问 pmm-client 命令查看 pmm-client 状态信息
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin status
  • 成功后会出现以下信息
Agent ID: /agent_id/0c514bcf-41ac-4de8-9d2c-57cb4b8523bf
Node ID : /node_id/8d7cb9d5-c407-4c87-ba0f-ee28e68d2725

PMM Server:
        URL    : https://192.168.9.1xx:443/
        Version: 2.17.0

PMM Client:
        Connected        : true
        Time drift       : 81.61µs
        Latency          : 585.095µs
        pmm-admin version: 2.16.0-release-2.16-ebcf4316
        pmm-agent version: 2.16.0-release-2.16-ebcf4316
Agents:
        /agent_id/50269d19-7663-4650-8c66-48356ce2ccde vmagent Running
        /agent_id/5a86413f-0c1b-4312-aac0-99f6f1a07ecc node_exporter Running
  • 服务启动成功后会自动注册 node 节点
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin list

Service type   Service name   Address and port  Service ID
Agent type           Status           Metrics Mode        Agent ID                                                                                   Service ID
pmm_agent         Connected                                    /agent_id/0c514bcf-41ac-4de8-9d2c-57cb4b8523bf 
node_exporter     Running        push                       /agent_id/5a86413f-0c1b-4312-aac0-99f6f1a07ecc 
vmagent               Running        push                       /agent_id/50269d19-7663-4650-8c66-48356ce2ccde
  • 如图所示

Home-Dashboard

  • pmm-server、pmm-client 在同一台服务器上，目前 pmm-client 还未添加数据库 service

pmm-client-myhost

注册 Client

当 pmm-client 与 pmm-server 服务在同一台机器上，pmm-client 服务启动成功后，会自动执行注册 Client。

如果非同一台机器，则需要手动执行注册 Client。

  • 向 pmm-server 注册 pmm-client 节点
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin config --server-insecure-tls --server-url=https://admin:pmm-exporter@192.168.9.1xx:443 192.168.9.1xx generic pmm-client-myhost
  • 注册成功提示以下信息
Checking local pmm-agent status...
pmm-agent is running.
Registering pmm-agent on PMM Server...
Registered.
Configuration file /etc/pmm-agent.yaml updated.
Reloading pmm-agent configuration...
Configuration reloaded.
Checking local pmm-agent status...
pmm-agent is running.

监控数据库

  • 首次使用先检查一下，确认是没有 mysql 类型的 service
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin inventory list services --service-type=mysql

Services list.

Service type           Service name         Address and Port  Service ID
  • 创建并授权数据库用户
CREATE USER 'pmm'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pmm-client' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 10;
GRANT SELECT, PROCESS, SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, RELOAD ON *.* TO 'pmm'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  • 确保 mysql 数据库中 PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA 参数值处于开启状态

MySQL 5.5 开始新增一个数据库：PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA，主要用于收集数据库服务器性能参数，5.5 版本默认关闭，5.6 版本默认开启。

root@localhost 14:43:  [(none)]>SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'performance_schema';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| performance_schema | ON    |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • Data source recommendations

| Database server | Versions | Recommended source |
| :----------------------- | :------------ | :----------------- |
| MySQL | 5.1-5.5 | Slow query log |
| MySQL | 5.6+ | Performance Schema |
| MariaDB | 10.0+ | Performance Schema |
| Percona Server for MySQL | 5.7, 8.0 | Slow query log |
| Percona XtraDB Cluster | 5.6, 5.7, 8.0 | Slow query log |

  • 将 pmm-client 节点中的 mysql 数据库 service 添加至 pmm-server
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin add mysql --query-source=perfschema --username=pmm --password=pmm-client pmm-client-myhost 192.168.9.1xx:3306

MySQL Service added.
Service ID  : /service_id/5baab9a7-1e3a-441e-8d9e-27ff7b5b5da8
Service name: pmm-client-myhost

Table statistics collection enabled (the limit is 1000, the actual table count is 476).
  • 浏览器页面开始展示 mysql 相关信息

mysql

  • 再次查询已经存在 mysql 类型的 service
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin inventory list services --service-type=mysql
Services list.

Service type    Service name         Address and Port  Service ID
MySQL           pmm-client-myhost    192.168.9.1xx:3306 /service_id/5baab9a7-1e3a-441e-8d9e-27ff7b5b5da8
  • 当然也可以移除数据库 services
docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin remove <service-type> <service-name>

<service-type>：mysql,mongodb,postgresql,proxysql,haproxy,external

docker exec pmm-client pmm-admin remove mysql pmm-client-myhost

具体使用

  • Nodes OverView 概览信息展示

Nodes OverView

  • Nodes 分类详细信息

Nodes分类详细信息

  • MySQL Instances Overview 概览信息

MySQL Instances Overview

  • MySQL Performance Schema Details

MySQL Performance Schema Details

参考文档

https://www.percona.com/software/pmm/quickstart

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/details/architecture.html

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/server/index.html

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/client/index.html

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/client/index.html#register

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/client/mysql.html

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/client/index.html#configure-add-services

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/setting-up/server/docker.html

https://gist.github.com/paskal/48f10a0a584f4849be6b0889ede9262b

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-monitoring-and-management/2.x/index.html

https://pmmdemo.percona.com/graph/d/mysql-performance-schema/mysql-performance-schema-details?orgId=1&refresh=1m

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