由于滑屏、滑屏查找 element 的方法在 UI 自动化测试中比较通用，因此，对 Macaca 的手势操作进行了简单封装以简化 UI 自动化用例脚本的编写。加之项目的自身的特点，有些控件的 xpath 经常变化，因此，也封装了 “在指定 element 上下左右指定位置点击” 的方法。具体方法见下方代码。
其中，由于简化实现难度，对很对细节上的把控不是很完善（希望可以和大家讨论出更为合适的解决办法），主要问题如下：
1、对手机屏幕的滑动是从屏幕中心点向四周滑动四分之一屏幕的宽/高
2、对 element 的滑动是从 element 的中心点向四周滑动半个 elemnt 的宽/高
3、滑动查找 element 是通过指定最大滑动次数（默认 5 次，可通过参数设定）来定的。因为目前这种方式能解决问题，所以这个地方目前没有用最完善的方案去解决
4、在指定 element 上下左右指定位置点击中，是在指定的 element 的四个边界 + 给定的 rate 倍数 element 的宽/高处进行点击
用法举例（若需了解 PageObject 工程结构，可见 https://testerhome.com/topics/7550）：
class PlatformAppHomePage(BasePage):
@teststep
def click_finance_choiceness_more(self):
"""以“理财精选”对应的“更多”的ID为依据"""
self.find_element_on_vertical('id', 'com.platform.jhj:id/home_welfare_more_tv').click()
@teststep
def click_car_insurance(self):
"""点击“车险”Icon的中文字体上方（高出中文字体上边界2倍中文字体的高度）"""
element = self.driver.element_by_name('车险')
self.click_above_of_element(element, rate=2)
该类代码如下：
from macaca import WebDriverException
class BasePage(object):
@classmethod
def set_driver(cls, dri):
cls.driver = dri
def get_driver(self):
return self.driver
def _get_window_size(self):
window = self.driver.get_window_size()
y = window['height']
x = window['width']
return x, y
@staticmethod
def _get_element_size(element):
rect = element.rect
x_center = rect['x'] + rect['width'] / 2
y_center = rect['y'] + rect['height'] / 2
x_left = rect['x']
y_up = rect['y']
x_right = rect['x'] + rect['width']
y_down = rect['y'] + rect['height']
return x_left, y_up, x_center, y_center, x_right, y_down
def _swipe(self, fromX, fromY, toX, toY, steps):
self.driver \
.touch('drag', {'fromX': fromX, 'fromY': fromY, 'toX': toX, 'toY': toY, 'steps': steps})
def swipe_up(self, element=None, steps=10):
"""
swipe up
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:return: None
"""
if element:
x_left, y_up, x_center, y_center, x_right, y_down = self._get_element_size(element)
fromX = x_center
fromY = y_center
toX = x_center
toY = y_up
else:
x, y = self._get_window_size()
fromX = 0.5*x
fromY = 0.5*y
toX = 0.5*x
toY = 0.25*y
self._swipe(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, steps)
def swipe_down(self, element=None, steps=10):
"""
swipe down
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:return: None
"""
if element:
x_left, y_up, x_center, y_center, x_right, y_down = self._get_element_size(element)
fromX = x_center
fromY = y_center
toX = x_center
toY = y_down
else:
x, y = self._get_window_size()
fromX = 0.5*x
fromY = 0.5*y
toX = 0.5*x
toY = 0.75*y
self._swipe(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, steps)
def swipe_left(self, element=None, steps=10):
"""
swipe left
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:return: None
"""
if element:
x_left, y_up, x_center, y_center, x_right, y_down = self._get_element_size(element)
fromX = x_center
fromY = y_center
toX = x_left
toY = y_center
else:
x, y = self._get_window_size()
fromX = 0.5*x
fromY = 0.5*y
toX = 0.25*x
toY = 0.5*y
self._swipe(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, steps)
def swipe_right(self, element=None, steps=10):
"""
swipe right
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:return: None
"""
if element:
x_left, y_up, x_center, y_center, x_right, y_down = self._get_element_size(element)
fromX = x_center
fromY = y_center
toX = x_right
toY = y_center
else:
x, y = self._get_window_size()
fromX = 0.5*x
fromY = 0.5*y
toX = 0.75*x
toY = 0.5*y
self._swipe(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, steps)
def _find_element_by_swipe(self, direction, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
times = max_swipe
for i in range(times):
try:
return self.driver.element(using, value)
except WebDriverException:
if direction == 'up':
self.swipe_up(element=element, steps=steps)
elif direction == 'down':
self.swipe_down(element=element, steps=steps)
elif direction == 'left':
self.swipe_left(element=element, steps=steps)
elif direction == 'right':
self.swipe_right(element=element, steps=steps)
if i == times - 1:
raise WebDriverException
def find_element_by_swipe_up(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element by swipe up
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
return self._find_element_by_swipe('up', using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def find_element_by_swipe_down(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element by swipe down
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
return self._find_element_by_swipe('down', using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def find_element_by_swipe_left(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element by swipe left
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
return self._find_element_by_swipe('left', using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def find_element_by_swipe_right(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element by swipe right
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
return self._find_element_by_swipe('right', using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def find_element_on_horizontal(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element on horizontal
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
try:
return self.find_element_by_swipe_left(using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
except WebDriverException:
pass
return self.find_element_by_swipe_right(using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def find_element_on_vertical(self, using, value, element=None, steps=10, max_swipe=5):
"""
find element on vertical
:param using: The element location strategy.
"id","xpath","link text","partial link text","name","tag name","class name","css selector"
:param value: The value of the location strategy.
:param element: WebElement of Macaca, if None while swipe window of phone
:param steps: steps of swipe for Android, The lower the faster
:param max_swipe: the max times of swipe
:return: WebElement of Macaca
Raises:
WebDriverException.
"""
try:
return self.find_element_by_swipe_up(using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
except WebDriverException:
pass
return self.find_element_by_swipe_down(using, value,
element=element, steps=steps, max_swipe=max_swipe)
def _tap(self, x, y):
self.driver.touch('tap', {'x': x, 'y': y})
def _click_side_of_element(self, direction, element, rate):
rect = element.rect
width = rect['width']
height = rect['height']
x_center = rect['x'] + rect['width'] / 2
y_center = rect['y'] + rect['height'] / 2
x_left = rect['x']
y_up = rect['y']
x_right = rect['x'] + rect['width']
y_down = rect['y'] + rect['height']
x = y = 0
if direction == 'above':
x = x_center
y = y_up - rate * height
elif direction == 'under':
x = x_center
y = y_down + rate * height
elif direction == 'left':
x = x_left - rate * width
y = y_center
elif direction == 'right':
x = x_right + rate * width
y = y_center
self._tap(x, y)
def click_above_of_element(self, element, rate=1):
"""
click above the gaven element
:param element: WebElement of Macaca
:param rate: rate of the width or height of the element
:return: None
"""
self._click_side_of_element('above', element, rate)
def click_under_of_element(self, element, rate=1):
"""
click under the gaven element
:param element: WebElement of Macaca
:param rate: rate of the width or height of the element
:return: None
"""
self._click_side_of_element('under', element, rate)
def click_left_of_element(self, element, rate=1):
"""
click the left of the gaven element
:param element: WebElement of Macaca
:param rate: rate of the width or height of the element
:return: None
"""
self._click_side_of_element('left', element, rate)
def click_right_of_element(self, element, rate=1):
"""
click the right of the gaven element
:param element: WebElement of Macaca
:param rate: rate of the width or height of the element
:return: None
"""
self._click_side_of_element('right', element, rate)