情况是这样，测试的对象是我们项目自己开发的一个 app 程序，我直接拿 APK 安装在手机上。而在模拟器上，脚本是可以顺利执行。但是连真机测试时，却失败。
真机运行其他 app 程序都是 OK 的，我试过了安卓自带的计算器，还有新浪微博，都可以启动。
查找网上类似的解决方法，但是似乎都说让修改 AndroidManifest.xml 文件，可是我这是用 apk 安装的，哪来的这个文件呢？
我的 appium log 如下：

Killed Node Server.
Appium server process ended
Launching Appium server with command: C:\Appium\node.exe lib\server\main.js --address 127.0.0.1 --port 4723 --platform-name Android --platform-version 23 --automation-name Appium --log-no-color
info: Welcome to Appium v1.4.16 (REV ae6877eff263066b26328d457bd285c0cc62430d)
info: Appium REST http interface listener started on 127.0.0.1:4723
info: [debug] Non-default server args: {"address":"127.0.0.1","logNoColors":true,"platformName":"Android","platformVersion":"23","automationName":"Appium"}
info: Console LogLevel: debug
info: --> POST /wd/hub/session {"requiredCapabilities":{},"desiredCapabilities":{"platformVersion":"6.0.1","deviceName":"051605559b261e02","platformName":"Android","appActivity":"com.smartcity.activity.NewVersionMainActivity","appPackage":"com.smartcity"}}
info: Client User-Agent string: Python-urllib/2.7
info: [debug] Didn't get app but did get Android package, will attempt to launch it on the device
info: [debug] Creating new appium session 2933085c-e854-45f5-a352-e99976ea1e22
info: Starting android appium
info: [debug] Getting Java version
info: Java version is: 1.8.0_101
info: [debug] Checking whether adb is present
info: [debug] Using adb from E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe
warn: No app capability, can't parse package/activity
info: [debug] Using fast reset? true
info: [debug] Preparing device for session
info: [debug] Not checking whether app is present since we are assuming it's already on the device
info: Retrieving device
info: [debug] Trying to find a connected android device
info: [debug] Getting connected devices...
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe devices
info: [debug] 1 device(s) connected
info: Found device 051605559b261e02
info: [debug] Setting device id to 051605559b261e02
info: [debug] Waiting for device to be ready and to respond to shell commands (timeout = 5)
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 wait-for-device
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "echo 'ready'"
info: [debug] Starting logcat capture
info: [debug] Getting device API level
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "getprop ro.build.version.sdk"
info: [debug] Device is at API Level 23
info: Device API level is: 23
info: [debug] Extracting strings for language: default
info: [debug] Apk doesn't exist locally
info: [debug] Could not get strings, but it looks like we had an old strings file anyway, so ignoring
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "rm -rf /data/local/tmp/strings.json"
info: [debug] Not uninstalling app since server not started with --full-reset
info: [debug] Skipping install since we launched with a package instead of an app path
info: [debug] Forwarding system:4724 to device:4724
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 forward tcp:4724 tcp:4724
info: [debug] Pushing appium bootstrap to device...
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 push "C:\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\android_bootstrap\AppiumBootstrap.jar" /data/local/tmp/
info: [debug] Pushing settings apk to device...
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 install "C:\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\settings_apk\settings_apk-debug.apk"
info: [debug] Pushing unlock helper app to device...
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 install "C:\Appium\node_modules\appium\build\unlock_apk\unlock_apk-debug.apk"
info: Starting App
info: [debug] Attempting to kill all 'uiautomator' processes
info: [debug] Getting all processes with 'uiautomator'
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "ps 'uiautomator'"
info: [debug] No matching processes found
info: [debug] Running bootstrap
info: [debug] spawning: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell uiautomator runtest AppiumBootstrap.jar -c io.appium.android.bootstrap.Bootstrap -e pkg com.smartcity -e disableAndroidWatchers false
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: numtests=1
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: stream=
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] io.appium.android.bootstrap.Bootstrap:
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: id=UiAutomatorTestRunner
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: test=testRunServer
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: class=io.appium.android.bootstrap.Bootstrap
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: current=1
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS_CODE: 1
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Socket opened on port 4724
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Appium Socket Server Ready
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Loading json...
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Registered crash watchers.
info: [debug] Waking up device if it's not alive
info: [debug] Pushing command to appium work queue: ["wake",{}]
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Client connected
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"wake","params":{}}
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: wake
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":true}
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "dumpsys window"
info: [debug] Screen already unlocked, continuing.
info: [debug] Pushing command to appium work queue: ["getDataDir",{}]
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"getDataDir","params":{}}
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: getDataDir
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":"\/data\/local\/tmp"}
info: [debug] dataDir set to: /data/local/tmp
info: [debug] Pushing command to appium work queue: ["compressedLayoutHierarchy",{"compressLayout":false}]
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"compressedLayoutHierarchy","params":{"compressLayout":false}}
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command action: compressedLayoutHierarchy
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":false}
info: [debug] Getting device API level
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "getprop ro.build.version.sdk"
info: [debug] Device is at API Level 23
info: [debug] executing cmd: E:\android\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 051605559b261e02 shell "am start -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000 -n com.smartcity/com.smartcity.activity.NewVersionMainActivity"
error: Permission to start activity denied.
info: [debug] Stopping logcat capture
info: [debug] Logcat terminated with code null, signal SIGTERM
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"shutdown"}
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Got command of type SHUTDOWN
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":"OK, shutting down"}
info: [debug] Sent shutdown command, waiting for UiAutomator to stop...
info: [debug] [BOOTSTRAP] [debug] Closed client connection
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: numtests=1
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: stream=.
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: id=UiAutomatorTestRunner
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: test=testRunServer
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: class=io.appium.android.bootstrap.Bootstrap
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: current=1
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS_CODE: 0
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: stream=
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] Test results for WatcherResultPrinter=.
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] Time: 1.859
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] OK (1 test)
info: [debug] [UIAUTOMATOR STDOUT] INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS_CODE: -1
info: [debug] UiAutomator shut down normally
info: [debug] Cleaning up android objects
info: [debug] Cleaning up appium session
error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Permission to start activity denied.
info: [debug] Error: Permission to start activity denied.
at [object Object]. (C:\Appium\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-adb\lib\adb.js:1151:19)
at [object Object]. (C:\Appium\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-adb\lib\adb.js:180:9)
at ChildProcess.exithandler (child_process.js:742:7)
at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:110:17)
at maybeClose (child_process.js:1016:16)
at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (child_process.js:1088:5)
info: [debug] Responding to client with error: {"status":33,"value":{"message":"A new session could not be created. (Original error: Permission to start activity denied.)","origValue":"Permission to start activity denied."},"sessionId":null}
info: <-- POST /wd/hub/session 500 6043.828 ms - 194

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