前言

Prometheus 简介

概念

官网地址:https://prometheus.io/

特点

  1. 多维度数据模型

  2. 高效灵活的查询语句

  3. 不依赖分布式存储,单个服务器节点是自主的

  4. 通过基于 HTTP 的 pull 方式采集时序数据

  5. 可以通过中间网关进行时序列数据推送

  6. 通过服务发现或者静态配置来发现目标服务对象

  7. 支持多种多样的图表和界面展示,比如 Grafana 等

组件

  1. promethues server:主要获取和存储时间序列数据

  2. exporters:主要作为 agent 收集数据发送到 prometheus server,不同的数据收集由不同的 exporters 实现,如监控服务器有 node-exporters,redis 有 redis-exporter。

  1. pushgateway:允许短暂和批处理的 jobs 推送它们的数据到 prometheus;由于这类工作的存在时间不长,需要他们主动将数据推送到 pushgateway,然后由 pushgateway 将数据发送给 prometheus。

  2. alertmanager:实现 prometheus 的告警功能。

架构

Grafana

特点

  1. 展示方式:快速灵活的客户端图表,面板插件有许多不同方式的可视化指标和日志,官方库中具有丰富的仪表盘插件,比如热图、折线图、图表等多种展示方式;

  2. 数据源:Graphite,InfluxDB,OpenTSDB,Prometheus,Elasticsearch,CloudWatch 和 KairosDB 等;

  3. 通知提醒:以可视方式定义最重要指标的警报规则,Grafana 将不断计算并发送通知,在数据达到阈值时通过 Slack、PagerDuty 等获得通知;

  4. 混合展示:在同一图表中混合使用不同的数据源,可以基于每个查询指定数据源,甚至自定义数据源;

  5. 注释:使用来自不同数据源的丰富事件注释图表,将鼠标悬停在事件上会显示完整的事件元数据和标记;

  6. 过滤器:Ad-hoc 过滤器允许动态创建新的键/值过滤器,这些过滤器会自动应用于使用该数据源的所有查询

安装部署

prometheus

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v*/prometheus-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf prometheus-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
cd prometheus-*
nohup ./prometheus --config.file=./prometheus.yml &

grafana

download the latest release

wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.5.6-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum install grafana-7.5.6-1.x86_64.rpm

docker 安装

cd /opt
mkdir -p prometheus/config/
mkdir -p grafana/data
chmod 777 grafana/data
mkdir -p /data/prometheus
chmod 777 /data/prometheus
cd /opt/prometheus/config/
touch prometheus.yml
#my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  #scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

#Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      #- alertmanager:9093

#Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  #- "first_rules.yml"
  #- "second_rules.yml"

#A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
#Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  #The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    #metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    #scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.9.140:9090']


  - job_name: "node"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["192.168.9.140:9100"]

  - job_name: "qianmingyanqian"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["11.12.108.226:9100","11.12.108.225:9100"]

  ## config for the multiple Redis targets that the exporter will scrape
  - job_name: "redis_exporter_targets"
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - redis://192.168.9.140:6379
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7001
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7004
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.9.140:9121
cd /opt
mkdir docker-compose
touch docker-compose_prometheus_grafana.yml
version: '2'

networks:
  monitor:
    driver: bridge

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    hostname: prometheus
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /opt/prometheus/config:/etc/prometheus
      - /data/prometheus:/prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    expose:
      - "8086"
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--log.level=info'
      - '--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090'
      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
      - '--storage.tsdb.retention=15d'
      - '--query.max-concurrency=50'
    networks:
      - monitor

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    hostname: grafana
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /opt/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "26:26"
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - prometheus
docker-compose -p prometheus_grafana -f docker-compose_prometheus_grafana.yml up -d

Prometheus配置信息

监控服务器 node

安装并运行 node_exporter

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v*/node_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz node_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
cd node_exporter-*.*-amd64
nohup ./node_exporter &
cd /opt/docker-compose
touch docker-compose_node-exporter.yml
---
version: '3.8'

services:
  node_exporter:
    image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: node_exporter
    command:
      - '--path.rootfs=/host'
    network_mode: host
    pid: host
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - '/:/host:ro,rslave'
docker-compose -p node_exporter -f docker-compose_node-exporter.yml up -d
curl http://192.168.9.140:9100/metrics
# HELP node_xfs_read_calls_total Number of read(2) system calls made to files in a filesystem.
# TYPE node_xfs_read_calls_total counter
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-1"} 10196
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-2"} 17401
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-3"} 970
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-4"} 10
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-5"} 19
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-6"} 132
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda2"} 16378
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda3"} 2.67817784e+09
node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda6"} 1.053587e+06

配置 Prometheus

- job_name: "node"
 static_configs:
 - targets: ["192.168.9.140:9100"]
docker restart CONTAINER ID

配置 Grafana

更多模板参考

监控 redis

安装并运行 redis_exporter

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.23.1/redis_exporter-v1.23.1.linux-386.tar.gz
tar zxvf redis_exporter-v1.23.1.linux-386.tar.gz
nohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.9.140:6379 -redis.password 111111 &
docker run -d --name redis_exporter -p 9121:9121 oliver006/redis_exporter --redis.addr=192.168.9.140:6379 --redis.password=111111

配置 Prometheus

## config for scraping the exporter itself
- job_name: 'redis_exporter'
  scrape_interval: 5s
  static_configs:
    - targets:[192.168.9.140:9121]```

- redis集群,`prometheus.yml`追加以下内容

```yaml
  ## config for the multiple Redis targets that the exporter will scrape
  - job_name: "redis_exporter_targets"
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - redis://192.168.9.140:6379
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7001
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7004
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.9.140:9121
docker restart CONTAINER ID

配置 Grafana

监控 mysql

安装并运行 mysqld_exporter

root@localhost 14:43:  [(none)]>CREATE USER 'exporter'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_exporter';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

root@localhost 14:43:  [(none)]>GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
cd /opttouch .my.cnf
vim .my.cnf
[ client ]
user = exporter
password = mysql_exporter

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v*/mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
cd mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64
nohup ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/opt/.my.cnf &
cd /opt/docker-composetouch docker-compose_mysqld-exporter.yml
version: '2'

networks:
    monitor:
        driver: bridge

services:
    mysql-exporter:
        image: prom/mysqld-exporter
        container_name: mysql-exporter
        hostname: mysql-exporter
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "9104:9104"
        networks:
            - my-mysql-network

        environment:
            DATA_SOURCE_NAME: "exporter:mysql_exporter@(192.168.9.140:3306)/"
networks:
    my-mysql-network:
        driver: bridge
docker-compose -p mysql_exporter -f docker-compose_mysqld-exporter.yml up -d

配置 Prometheus

- job_name: 'mysql' 
    static_configs: 
    - targets: ['192.168.9.140:9104'] 
        labels: 
            instance: mysql
docker restart CONTAINER ID

配置 Grafana

如果只想单纯监控 MySQL 或 MongoDB,可以考虑 PMM(Percona Monitoring and Management)监控工具,添加了慢查询收集等额外功能

监控 docker 容器

安装并运行 cadvisor

cd /opt/docker-compose
touch docker-compose_cadvisor.yml
version: '3.2'

services:
  cadvisor:
    image: google/cadvisor:latest
    container_name: cadvisor
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - '18080:8080'
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:rw
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
docker-compose -p cadvisor -f docker-compose_cadvisor.yml up -d

containers

cpu

配置 Prometheus

- job_name: 'cadvisor'
  scrape_interval: 5s
  static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.9.140:18080']
docker restart CONTAINER ID

cadvisor

配置 Grafana

Dashboards

详细监控页面

问题修复

Prometheus

Warning: Error fetching server time: Detected 785.6099998950958 seconds time difference between your browser and the server.
ntpdate time3.aliyun.com

redis_exporter

- redis_exporter_last_scrape_error{err="dial redis: unknown network redis"} 1

mysqld_exporter

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
flush privileges;

后记


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