本来网上教程很多，其实可以不用写，自己也是跟着这些教程做的。现在的知识更新的太快，踩了不少坑，就想写出来和大家分享下。希望能帮到大家。我的环境是 macOS majave。
go 环境，这个自行百度
Ethereum
brew tap ethereum/ethereumbrew install ethereumGeth
Version: 1.9.5-stable
Architecture: amd64
Protocol Versions: [63]
Network Id: 1
Go Version: go1.13
Operating System: darwin
GOPATH=/Users/lihuazhang/go
GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
安装以太坊编程语言 Solidity —— brew install solidity
nodejs 环境 —— 自行百度，推荐使用 nvm
安装 truffle —— npm install –g truffle
创建个目录：比如 ethereum，然后创建一个 json 文件 genesis.json
创世块配置文件：genesis.json
{
"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
"difficulty": "0x400",
"mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp": "0x00",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
"gasLimit": "0x4c4b4000000",
"config": {
"chainId": 15,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip150Block": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0,
"byzantiumBlock": 0,
"constantinopleBlock": 0,
"petersburgBlock": 0
},
"alloc": {}
}
这里要特别注意：byzantiumBlock，constantinopleBlock，petersburgBlock 几个都要放进去。最新的以太坊版本已经在用 byzantiumBlock 了。如果不加的话，合约编译的时候就要指定拜占庭。否则合约执行的时候会返回莫名其妙的错误，这个坑我踩了很久。
执行 geth --datadir data/chain0 init genesis.json
再执行 geth --networkid 15 --datadir data/chain0 --identity "mychain00" --port 30000 --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8545 --rpcapi eth,net,web3,personal --allow-insecure-unlock --nodiscover console 参数自行百度
进入 console 之后，创建账号：personal.newAccount('123456') # 123456是密码
开始挖矿，输入 miner.start()，出现下面这种图标就算挖到了。
1) 在 ethereum 目录下创建一个目录比如 contracts，然后终端进入到这个 contracts 目录，执行 truffle init 会生成contracts，migrations，test三个目录和truffle-config.js文件
2) contracts 就是智能合约存放的目录，默认情况下已经帮你创建好Migrations.sol合约，不用管它在contracts文件夹下创建一个新文件HelloWorld.sol，文件内容如下：
pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.6.0;
contract HelloWorld {
//say hello world
function say() public pure returns (string memory ) {
return "Hello World!";
}
//print name
function print(string memory name) public pure returns (string memory ) {
return name;
}
function multiply(uint a) public pure returns(uint d) {
return a * 7;
}
}
3) 修改migrateions文件中2_deploy_contracts.js的内容，如下：
var HelloWorld = artifacts.require("./HelloWorld.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(HelloWorld);
};
4) 修改truffle-config.js的 networks 部分和 compile 部分内容如下：
development: {
host: "localhost", // Localhost (default: none)
port: 8545, // 前面部署链的端口
network_id: "*", // Any network (default: none)
gas: 53170200,
from: "0x4860a6d6f378df07d86a227a5d2a7f553ca68e50" //前面部署链的创建的账号的地址
},
compilers: {
solc: {
version: "0.4.25", // Fetch exact version from solc-bin (default: truffle's version)
docker: false, // Use "0.5.1" you've installed locally with docker (default: false)
settings: { // See the solidity docs for advice about optimization and evmVersion
optimizer: {
enabled: false,
runs: 200
},
evmVersion: "byzantium"
}
}
}
5) 编译合约：truffle compile
6) 部署合约：truffle migrate --reset --network development
7) 如果部署的时候，遇到 authentication needed: password or unlock 错误。请解锁账号：去 geth 那个终端执行 personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "123456", 10000)
8) 运行部署命令之后，需要交易确认，这个时候需要继续挖矿，把交易打包到下一个区块，在 geth console 里运行 miner.start()
9) 部署成功的日志：
➜ contract truffle migrate --reset --network development
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 15
> Block gas limit: 0x359abe9aa9
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Replacing 'Migrations'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x6df6bc66f92db8100b6ee015b6277227585752e097d08639295a5303938d4501
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 4
> contract address: 0xAE36440bDbEF7FbFc71dC6508D42E381F80851D8
> block number: 3200
> block timestamp: 1570087488
> account: 0xb36CFa79Ccd84694C6372E94aDF76ae83c09685D
> balance: 6400
> gas used: 261393
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.00522786 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.00522786 ETH
2_deploy_contracts.js
=====================
Replacing 'HelloWorld'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x95687f6120bf9034ce2548c60645750bd38db05f7839c0fd5560ad5d624546ab
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0xE6b2d56B65E2d39B1Bb976bf11813c8366E2DE26
> block number: 3204
> block timestamp: 1570087493
> account: 0xb36CFa79Ccd84694C6372E94aDF76ae83c09685D
> balance: 6410
> gas used: 240179
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.00480358 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.00480358 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 2
> Final cost: 0.01003144 ETH
abi=[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"say","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"name","type":"string"}],"name":"print","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}] 类似这样，你的 abi 和我不一样。
