做 UI 自动化有段时间了,在社区也看了大量文章网上也搜集了不少资料资料,自己写代码、调试过程中中摸索了很多东西,踩了不少坑,这篇文章希望能给做 UI 自动化测试小伙伴们在 UI 自动化上有些许帮助。
文本主要介绍下 Pytest+Allure+Appium 记录一些过程和经历,一些好用的方法什么的,之前也没写过什么文章,文章可能有点干,看官们多喝水 O(∩_∩) O~
主要用了啥:
# Appium 启动时增加 --relaxed-security 参数 Appium 即可执行类似adb shell的方法
> appium -p 4723 --relaxed-security
# 使用方法
def adb_shell(self, command, args, includeStderr=False):
"""
appium --relaxed-security 方式启动
adb_shell('ps',['|','grep','android'])
:param command:命令
:param args:参数
:param includeStderr: 为 True 则抛异常
:return:
"""
result = self.driver.execute_script('mobile: shell', {
'command': command,
'args': args,
'includeStderr': includeStderr,
'timeout': 5000
})
return result['stdout']
element = self.driver.find_element_by_id('cn.xxxxxx:id/login_sign')
pngbyte = element.screenshot_as_png
image_data = BytesIO(pngbyte)
img = Image.open(image_data)
img.save('element.png')
# 该方式能直接获取到登录按钮区域的截图
# 使用该方法后,手机端 logcat 缓存会清除归零,从新记录
# 建议每条用例执行完执行一边清理,遇到错误再保存减少陈余 log 输出
# Android
logcat = self.driver.get_log('logcat')
# iOS 需要安装 brew install libimobiledevice
logcat = self.driver.get_log('syslog')
# web 获取控制台日志
logcat = self.driver.get_log('browser')
c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])
allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
#写入到 allure 测试报告中
# 发送文件
#Android
driver.push_file('/sdcard/element.png', source_path='D:\works\element.png')
# 获取手机文件
png = driver.pull_file('/sdcard/element.png')
with open('element.png', 'wb') as png1:
png1.write(base64.b64decode(png))
# 获取手机文件夹,导出的是zip文件
folder = driver.pull_folder('/sdcard/test')
with open('test.zip', 'wb') as folder1:
folder1.write(base64.b64decode(folder))
# iOS
# 需要安装 ifuse
# > brew install ifuse 或者 > brew cask install osxfuse 或者 自行搜索安装方式
driver.push_file('/Documents/xx/element.png', source_path='D:\works\element.png')
# 向 App 沙盒中发送文件
# iOS 8.3 之后需要应用开启 UIFileSharingEnabled 权限不然会报错
bundleId = 'cn.xxx.xxx' # APP名字
driver.push_file('@{bundleId}:Documents/xx/element.png'.format(bundleId=bundleId), source_path='D:\works\element.png')
很多人都使用过 unitest 先说一下 pytest 和 unitest 在 Hook method 上的一些区别
class TestExample:
def setup(self):
print("setup class:TestStuff")
def teardown(self):
print ("teardown class:TestStuff")
def setup_class(cls):
print ("setup_class class:%s" % cls.__name__)
def teardown_class(cls):
print ("teardown_class class:%s" % cls.__name__)
def setup_method(self, method):
print ("setup_method method:%s" % method.__name__)
def teardown_method(self, method):
print ("teardown_method method:%s" % method.__name__)
@pytest.fixture()
def driver_setup(request):
request.instance.Action = DriverClient().init_driver('android')
def driver_teardown():
request.instance.Action.quit()
request.addfinalizer(driver_teardown)
class Singleton(object):
"""单例
ElementActions 为自己封装操作类"""
Action = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
desired_caps={}
host = "http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"
driver = webdriver.Remote(host, desired_caps)
Action = ElementActions(driver, desired_caps)
orig = super(Singleton, cls)
cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
cls._instance.Action = Action
return cls._instance
class DriverClient(Singleton):
pass
测试用例中调用
class TestExample:
def setup_class(cls):
cls.Action = DriverClient().Action
def teardown_class(cls):
cls.Action.clear()
def test_demo(self)
self.Action.driver.launch_app()
self.Action.set_text('123')
class DriverClient():
def init_driver(self,device_name):
desired_caps={}
host = "http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"
driver = webdriver.Remote(host, desired_caps)
Action = ElementActions(driver, desired_caps)
return Action
# 该函数需要放置在 conftest.py, pytest 运行时会自动拾取
@pytest.fixture()
def driver_setup(request):
request.instance.Action = DriverClient().init_driver()
def driver_teardown():
request.instance.Action.clear()
request.addfinalizer(driver_teardown)
测试用例中调用
#该装饰器会直接引入driver_setup函数
@user3res('driver_setup')
class TestExample:
def test_demo(self):
self.Action.driver.launch_app()
self.Action.set_text('123')
@user4ize(('kewords'), [(u"小明"), (u"小红"), (u"小白")])
def test_kewords(self,kewords):
print(kewords)
# 多个参数
@user5ize("test_input,expected", [
("3+5", 8),
("2+4", 6),
("6*9", 42),
])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
assert eval(test_input) == expected
# conftest.py
def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
"""
使用 hook 给用例加加上参数
metafunc.cls.params 对应类中的 params 参数
"""
try:
if metafunc.cls.params and metafunc.function.__name__ in metafunc.cls.params: ## 对应 TestClass params
funcarglist = metafunc.cls.params[metafunc.function.__name__]
argnames = list(funcarglist[0])
metafunc.parametrize(argnames, [[funcargs[name] for name in argnames] for funcargs in funcarglist])
except AttributeError:
pass
# test_demo.py
class TestClass:
"""
:params 对应 hook 中 metafunc.cls.params
"""
# params = Parameterize('TestClass.yaml').getdata()
params = {
'test_a': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}],
'test_b': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}],
}
def test_a(self, a, b):
assert a == b
def test_b(self, a, b):
assert a == b
使用 pytest-dependency 库可以创造依赖关系
当上层用例没通过,后续依赖关系用例将直接跳过,可以跨 Class 类筛选
如果需要跨.py 文件运行 需要将 site-packages/pytest_dependency.py 文件的
class DependencyManager(object):
"""Dependency manager, stores the results of tests.
"""
ScopeCls = {'module':pytest.Module, 'session':pytest.Session}
@classmethod
def getManager(cls, item, scope='session'): # 这里修改成 session
如果
> pip install pytest-dependency
class TestExample(object):
@user7cy()
def test_a(self):
assert False
@user8cy()
def test_b(self):
assert False
@user9cy(depends=["TestExample::test_a"])
def test_c(self):
# TestExample::test_a 没通过则不执行该条用例
# 可以跨 Class 筛选
print("Hello I am in test_c")
@user10cy(depends=["TestExample::test_a","TestExample::test_b"])
def test_d(self):
print("Hello I am in test_d")
pytest -v test_demo.py
2 failed
- test_1.py:6 TestExample.test_a
- test_1.py:10 TestExample.test_b
2 skipped
@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_webtest():
pass
@pytest.mark.apitest
class TestExample(object):
def test_a(self):
pass
@pytest.mark.httptest
def test_b(self):
pass
仅执行标记 webtest 的用例
pytest -v -m webtest
Results (0.03s):
1 passed
2 deselected
执行标记多条用例
pytest -v -m "webtest or apitest"
Results (0.05s):
3 passed
仅不执行标记 webtest 的用例
pytest -v -m "not webtest"
Results (0.04s):
2 passed
1 deselected
不执行标记多条用例
pytest -v -m "not webtest and not apitest"
Results (0.02s):
3 deselected
pytest -v Test_example.py::TestClass::test_a
pytest -v Test_example.py::TestClass
pytest -v Test_example.py Test_example2.py
# conftet.py
def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
"""
获取每个函数名字,当用例中含有该字符则打上标记
"""
for item in items:
if "http" in item.nodeid:
item.add_marker(pytest.mark.http)
elif "api" in item.nodeid:
item.add_marker(pytest.mark.api)
class TestExample(object):
def test_api_1(self):
pass
def test_api_2(self):
pass
def test_http_1(self):
pass
def test_http_2(self):
pass
def test_demo(self):
pass
仅执行标记 api 的用例
pytest -v -m api
Results (0.03s):
2 passed
3 deselected
可以看到使用批量标记之后,测试用例中只执行了带有 api 的方法
1.第一种使用 python 函数装饰器方法
def monitorapp(function):
"""
用例装饰器,截图,日志,是否跳过等
获取系统log,Android logcat、ios 使用syslog
"""
@wraps(function)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
allure.dynamic.description('用例开始时间:{}'.format(datetime.datetime.now()))
function(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
except Exception as E:
f = self.Action.driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
allure.attach(f, '失败截图', allure.attachment_type.PNG)
logcat = self.Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])
allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
raise E
finally:
if self.Action.get_app_pid() != self.Action.Apppid:
raise Exception('设备进程 ID 变化,可能发生崩溃')
return wrapper
2.第二种使用 pytest hook 方法 (与方法一选一)
@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True, hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):
Action = DriverClient().Action
outcome = yield
rep = outcome.get_result()
if rep.when == "call" and rep.failed:
f = Action.driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
allure.attach(f, '失败截图', allure.attachment_type.PNG)
logcat = Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])
allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
if Action.get_app_pid() != Action.apppid:
raise Exception('设备进程 ID 变化,可能发生崩溃')
> pytest -s -all
# content of conftest.py
def pytest_addoption(parser):
"""
自定义参数
"""
parser.addoption("--all", action="store_true",default="type1",help="run all combinations")
def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
if 'param' in metafunc.fixturenames:
if metafunc.config.option.all: # 这里能获取到自定义参数
paramlist = [1,2,3]
else:
paramlist = [1,2,4]
metafunc.parametrize("param",paramlist) # 给用例加参数化
# 怎么在测试用例中获取自定义参数呢
# content of conftest.py
def pytest_addoption(parser):
"""
自定义参数
"""
parser.addoption("--cmdopt", action="store_true",default="type1",help="run all combinations")
@pytest.fixture
def cmdopt(request):
return request.config.getoption("--cmdopt")
# test_sample.py 测试用例中使用
def test_sample(cmdopt):
if cmdopt == "type1":
print("first")
elif cmdopt == "type2":
print("second")
assert 1
> pytest -q --cmdopt=type2
second
.
1 passed in 0.09 seconds
#过滤 pytest 需要执行的文件夹或者文件名字
def pytest_ignore_collect(path,config):
if 'logcat' in path.dirname:
return True #返回 True 则该文件不执行
> pip install pytest-ordering
@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
class TestExample:
def test_a(self):
#原始方法
pytet -s test_demo.py
pytet -s --lf test_demo.py #第二次执行时,只会执行失败的用例
pytet -s --ll test_demo.py #第二次执行时,会执行所有用例,但会优先执行失败用例
#使用第三方插件
pip install pytest-rerunfailures #使用插件
pytest --reruns 2 # 失败case重试两次
pytest --maxfail=10 #失败超过10次则停止运行
pytest -x test_demo.py #出现失败则停止
希望对测试同学们有帮助~
下一篇文章将计划实战用 Pytest hook 函数运行 yaml 文件来驱动 Appium 做自动化测试,并提供测试源码~