最近团队开发了一个平台,功能界面类似postman,用例都还是单接口的用例,就是可以绑定一个用户的登录状态和一些常量。验证功能主要分为两类:1、系统验证(包括请求异常、HTTP 状态码、通用响应结构验证);2、功能验证(包括业务 code、文本内容等)。都是通过字符串解析和正则匹配来完成的。

接下来的二期有一个目标就是丰富验证功能和多用例串联起来,这里了解到了一个jsonpath的工具,经过简单尝试,效果非常理想。因为每一个用例都对应这一个请求,执行完都会返回一个JSonobject的对象(这里是框架封装好的)。如果使用JSonpath的标记语言能够完成json信息的提取,那么就可以完美解决这个需求。

下面分享一下官方的API的实践。

引入 jar 包

compile group: 'com.jayway.jsonpath', name: 'json-path', version: '2.4.0'

json 数据

首先看官方给的json数据的Demo(我做了一点点修改):

JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject("{" +
                "    \"store\": {" +
                "        \"book\": [" +
                "            {" +
                "                \"category\": \"reference\"," +
                "                \"author\": \"Nigel Rees\"," +
                "                \"title\": \"Sayings of the Century\"," +
                "                \"price\": 8.95" +
                "            }," +
                "            {" +
                "                \"category\": \"fiction\"," +
                "                \"author\": \"Evelyn Waugh\"," +
                "                \"title\": \"Sword of Honour\"," +
                "                \"price\": 12.99" +
                "            }," +
                "            {" +
                "                \"category\": \"fiction\"," +
                "                \"author\": \"Herman Melville\"," +
                "                \"title\": \"Moby Dick\"," +
                "                \"isbn\": \"0-553-21311-3\"," +
                "                \"price\": 8.99" +
                "            }," +
                "            {" +
                "                \"category\": \"fiction\"," +
                "                \"author\": \"J. R. R. Tolkien\"," +
                "                \"title\": \"The Lord of the Rings\"," +
                "                \"isbn\": \"0-395-19395-8\"," +
                "                \"price\": 22.99" +
                "            }" +
                "        ]," +
                "        \"bicycle\": {" +
                "            \"color\": \"red\"," +
                "            \"price\": 19.95" +
                "        }" +
                "    }," +
                "    \"expensive\": 10," +
                "    \"ss\": [32,32,4,23]" +
                "}");

jsonpath的两种写法

JsonPath表达式始终以与XPath表达式与XML文档结合使用的方式解析JSON结构数据。JsonPath中的根对象或者数组用$表示。

JsonPath表达式可以使用点符号

$.store.book[0].title

或括号符号

$['store']['book'][0]['title']

API

基本的是一个read()方法:

/**
  * Creates a new JsonPath and applies it to the provided Json object
  *
  * @param json     a json object
  * @param jsonPath the json path
  * @param filters  filters to be applied to the filter place holders  [?] in the path
  * @param <T>      expected return type
  * @return list of objects matched by the given path
  */
 @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
 public static <T> T read(Object json, String jsonPath, Predicate... filters) {
     return parse(json).read(jsonPath, filters);
 }

获取所有图书的作者列表

jsonpath$.store.book[*].author

代码:

Object read = JsonPath.read(json, "$.store.book[*].author");
output(read);

这里可以完全自定义返回对象类型,jsonpath会自动帮用户完成对象转换,跟下面的这个写法是完全等效的。

List read = JsonPath.read(json, "$.store.book[*].author");
       output(read);

输出:

INFO-> 当前用户:fv,IP:10.60.192.21,工作目录:/Users/fv/Documents/workspace/fun/,系统编码格式:UTF-8,系统Mac OS X版本:10.15.6
INFO-> ["Nigel Rees","Evelyn Waugh","Herman Melville","J. R. R. Tolkien"]

可以看到得到了无论使用object或者list得到的结果都是一样的,但是如果使用的不当的对象类型,就会报下面的错误:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: net.minidev.json.JSONArray cannot be cast to java.lang.String
    at com.fun.ztest.groovy.JsonPathTest.main(JsonPathTest.java:50)

获取所有作者

JSonpath$..author
$.store..price

代码省略,输出:

INFO-> 当前用户:fv,IP:10.60.192.21,工作目录:/Users/fv/Documents/workspace/fun/,系统编码格式:UTF-8,系统Mac OS X版本:10.15.6
INFO-> ["Nigel Rees","Evelyn Waugh","Herman Melville","J. R. R. Tolkien"]

INFO-> 当前用户:fv,IP:10.60.192.21,工作目录:/Users/fv/Documents/workspace/fun/,系统编码格式:UTF-8,系统Mac OS X版本:10.15.6
INFO-> [19.95,8.95,12.99,8.99,22.99]

可以看到可以不指定具体的key也可以获取固定层级的某个keyvalue

获取节点下所有信息

  1. JSonpath$.store.*
  2. JSonpath$.ss.*

代码省略,输出:

INFO-> 当前用户fvIP10.60.192.21工作目录/Users/fv/Documents/workspace/fun/,系统编码格式:UTF-8,系统Mac OS X版本:10.15.6
INFO-> [{"color":"red","price":19.95},[{"author":"Nigel Rees","price":8.95,"category":"reference","title":"Sayings of the Century"},{"author":"Evelyn Waugh","price":12.99,"category":"fiction","title":"Sword of Honour"},{"author":"Herman Melville","price":8.99,"isbn":"0-553-21311-3","category":"fiction","title":"Moby Dick"},{"author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","price":22.99,"isbn":"0-395-19395-8","category":"fiction","title":"The Lord of the Rings"}]]
INFO-> 当前用户fvIP10.60.192.21工作目录/Users/fv/Documents/workspace/fun/,系统编码格式:UTF-8,系统Mac OS X版本:10.15.6
INFO-> [32,32,4,23]

下期讲讲如果处理json数组,欢迎继续关注!


热文精选


↙↙↙阅读原文可查看相关链接,并与作者交流