Macaca [基于 Node.js 的自动化测试-Macaca] - 测试 PC 端应用

达峰的夏天 · March 29, 2016 · Last by joweywen replied at October 30, 2018 · 3337 hits

最近有很多朋友对 Macaca 做 PC 端测试有很多兴趣，也有很多疑问点，下面简单介绍下。

用例写起来比较好理解：

describe('macaca desktop sample', function() {
  this.timeout(5 * 60 * 1000);

  const driver = wd.initPromiseChain();
  const initialURL = 'https://www.baidu.com';

  before((done) => {
    return driver
      .init()
      .setNormalSize()
      .end(done);
  });

  it('#0 should go into macaca', function() {
    return driver
      .get(initialURL)
      .sleep(3000);
  });

  it('#1 should works with macaca', function() {
    return driver
      .elementById('kw')
      .sendKeys('macaca')
      .sleep(3000)
      .elementById('su')
      .click()
      .sleep(5000)
      .source()
      .then(function(html) {
        html.should.containEql('macaca');
      })
      .takeScreenshot();
  });

  it('#2 should go into web', function() {
    return driver
      .get(initialURL)
      .sleep(3000);
  });

  it('#3 should works with web', function() {
    return driver
      .elementById('kw')
      .sendKeys('TesterHome')
      .sleep(3000)
      .elementById('su')
      .click()
      .sleep(5000)
      .source()
      .then(function(html) {
        html.should.containEql('TesterHome');
      })
      .takeScreenshot();
  });

  after((done) => {
    return driver
      .quit(done);
  });
});

测试用例源码，看过之前文章的同学对这个例子应该不陌生了，欢迎下载到本地试验，实践会理解得更全面。

这里很重要

由于网络原因，下载所依赖的chromedriver 或者 electron 驱动会有问题，使用如下方式解决。

export CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/

然后运行下面的命令即可：

$ make test-pc

运行的效果如下：

pc-sample

本示例使用了 Google 的 Chromedriver 作为驱动，见 macaca-chromedriver。

更多 API 相关的文档请见: macaca/guide

通过对 client 端的扩展，可以实现其他浏览器的测试，欢迎动手试试。

后面会分享 headless webkit 的方案，选择 phantomjs, electron 之一进行介绍。另外，PC 与 mobile 端的持续集成方案是一致的，见搭建自己的自动化测试平台，当然，也可以使用其他持续集成系统。

有任何疑问请提 issue macaca/support。

欢迎讨论，互相学习。

微博: http://weibo.com/xudafeng
Github: https://github.com/xudafeng

下一篇 - 做自动化测试的一些总结

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共收到 29 条回复时间点赞

lemon #1 · March 30, 2016

弱弱的问一句，使用 make test-pc 提示 make 不是内部命令，是什么原因啊，

达峰的夏天 #2 · March 30, 2016 Author

#1 楼 @lemon2limeng 你好，这是个示例而已，可以看 Makefile 中的指定，是一行 sh 命令

alison2012win #3 · May 06, 2016

您好，有个问题一直没解决。。我执行 make test-pc 后，会出现"macaca run ....."，但不弹出浏览器窗口，是什么原因呢？

PS：我是 Windows 操作系统，clone 了 git 代码后，安装了 make、npm install 了依赖、export 了 chromedriver 和 electron 驱动

Meowtec #4 · May 06, 2016

你的例子的驱动换成 Electron 了啊，是不是应该把文章改一下？

达峰的夏天 #5 · May 06, 2016 Author

#4 楼 @meowtec 的确是，我改下

fhqfhvtx #6 · May 13, 2016

我执行 make test-pc 后一直停留在 loading....那里，请问如何解决

达峰的夏天 #7 · May 13, 2016 Author

fhqfhvtx #8 · May 13, 2016

7 楼 @xdf 非常感谢，确实是需要加这两个地址，不过地址后边应该加/,否则会找不到文件
export CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
export ELECTRON_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/

xiaoweizhuangren #9 · May 17, 2016

#3 楼 @Alison2012win 您好，请问 windows 下 macaca 浏览器不谈出窗口问题解决了么？目前我这边也遇到同样问题，谢谢。

达峰的夏天 #10 · May 26, 2016 Author

#9 楼 @xiaoweizhuangren 请升级最新 cli

hello #11 · May 26, 2016

学习了。

不二家 #12 · June 02, 2016

@xdf 环境配置好了以后，启动 macaca run --verbose 模拟器多次闪退，并且不断重启，最后能执行成功官方例子。我把我的配置发出来

达峰的夏天 #13 · June 02, 2016 Author

@diao2007 make test-pc

达峰的夏天在 [Topic was deleted] 中提及了此贴 27 Jun 11:17

cxf #16 · June 27, 2016

您好，执行 make test-pc 提示如下：

macaca run --verbose -d ./macaca-test/macaca-desktop-sample.test.js

index.js:17:12 [master] pid:2631 webdriver server start with config:
{ port: 3456,
window: true,
ip: '192.168.1.5',
host: 'chengxuengdembp',
loaded_time: '2016-06-27 21:05:51' }
middlewares.js:17:10 [master] pid:2631 base middlewares attached
router.js:105:10 [master] pid:2631 router set
webdriver sdk launched
/usr/local/lib/node_modules/macaca-cli/node_modules/mocha/lib/utils.js:628
throw new Error("cannot resolve path (or pattern) '" + path + "'");
^

Error: cannot resolve path (or pattern) './macaca-test/macaca-desktop-sample.test.js'
at Object.lookupFiles (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/macaca-cli/node_modules/mocha/lib/utils.js:628:15)
at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/macaca-cli/node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha:326:30
at Array.forEach (native)
at Object. (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/macaca-cli/node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha:325:6)
at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)
at Module.load (module.js:343:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:300:12)
at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:441:10)
at startup (node.js:139:18)
at node.js:968:3

Test completed!
make: *** [test-pc] Error 1

cannot resolve path (or pattern) '" + path + "'"); the 个 path 是指什么的 path 呀

老马 #17 · July 19, 2016

你好 @xdf

我下载了 macaca-test-sample-master.zip 样例但是执行的时候是如此。

D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\macaca-test 的目录

2016/07/13 23:16

.
2016/07/13 23:16 ..
2016/07/18 15:53 1,614 macaca-desktop-sample.test.js
2016/07/13 23:16 1,437 macaca-mobile-browser-sample.test.js
2016/07/13 23:16 2,872 macaca-mobile-sample.test.js
2016/07/13 23:16 33 mocha.opts
4 个文件 5,956 字节
2 个目录 101,915,099,136 可用字节

D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\macaca-test>platform=android macaca run --verbose -d macaca-desktop-sample.test.js
'platform' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\macaca-test>macaca run --verbose -d macaca-desktop-sample.test.js

index.js:17:12 [master] pid:14388 webdriver server start with config:
{ port: 3456,
window: true,
ip: '169.254.166.89',
host: 'cmd-PC',
loaded_time: '2016-07-19 11:33:19' }
middlewares.js:17:10 [master] pid:14388 base middlewares attached
router.js:105:10 [master] pid:14388 router set
webdriver sdk launched

macaca desktop sample

responseHandler.js:11:12 [master] pid:14388 Recieve HTTP Request from Client: method: POST url: /wd/hub/session, jsonBody: {"desiredCapabilities":{"autoAcceptAlerts":true,"browserName":"chrome","platformName":"desktop","version":"","javascriptEnabled":true,"platform":"ANY"}}
session.js:47:10 [master] pid:14388 Creating session, sessionId: 50828aa2-0d56-47f5-8237-5efc1a7907dc.
session.js:31:14 [master] pid:14388 Error: Cannot find module 'macaca-chrome'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:339:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:290:25)
at Module.require (module.js:367:17)
at require (internal/module.js:16:19)
at detectDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:28:20)
at Object.createDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:10:18)
at next (native)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:65:19)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)
please run: macaca install chrome
responseHandler.js:50:12 [master] pid:14388 Send Error Respone to Client: TypeError: Cannot set property 'proxyMode' of undefined
responseHandler.js:56:14 [master] pid:14388 TypeError: Cannot set property 'proxyMode' of undefined
at Object.createDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:16:20)
at next (native)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:65:19)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)
at Object.toPromise (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:118:63)
at next (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:99:29)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:69:7)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)

TypeError: Cannot set property 'proxyMode' of undefined
at Object.createDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:16:20)
at next (native)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:65:19)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)
at Object.toPromise (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:118:63)
at next (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:99:29)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:69:7)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)

1) "before all" hook

responseHandler.js:11:12 [master] pid:14388 Recieve HTTP Request from Client: method: DELETE url: /wd/hub/session, jsonBody: {}
responseHandler.js:19:14 [master] pid:14388 Send HTTP Respone to Client: 405 Method Not Allowed
2) "after all" hook

0 passing (361ms)
2 failing

1) macaca desktop sample "before all" hook:
Error: [init({"autoAcceptAlerts":true,"browserName":"chrome","platformName":"desktop"})] The environment you requested was unavailable.
at D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:134:15
at Request._callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\http-utils.js:87:7)
at Request.self.callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:368:22)
at Request. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1219:14)
at IncomingMessage. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1167:12)
at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:913:12)
at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:74:11)
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:98:9)

2) macaca desktop sample "after all" hook:
Error: [quit()] Unexpected data in simpleCallback.
at exports.newError (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\utils.js:139:13)
at null. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\callbacks.js:42:12)
at cb (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:165:22)
at D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:179:5
at Request._callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\http-utils.js:87:7)
at Request.self.callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:368:22)
at Request. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1219:14)
at IncomingMessage. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1167:12)
at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:913:12)
at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:74:11)
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:98:9)

Test completed!

老马 #18 · July 21, 2016

#3 楼 @alison2012win 你好 windonws 下 gitbash 也就是 MINGW64 命令行窗口下，怎么安装 make 命令呢？

达峰的夏天 #19 · July 21, 2016 Author

@harsayer 直接 macaca run

老马 #20 · July 21, 2016

#19 楼 @xdf
cmd@cmd-PC MINGW64 /d/macaca/macaca-test-sample-master/macaca-test
$ macaca run

webdriver sdk launched
D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\lib\utils.js:628
throw new Error("cannot resolve path (or pattern) '" + path + "'");
^

Error: cannot resolve path (or pattern) 'macaca-test'
at Object.lookupFiles (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\lib\utils.js:628:15)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\bin_mocha:326:30
at Array.forEach (native)
at Object. (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\bin_mocha:325:6)
at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)
at Module.load (module.js:343:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:300:12)
at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:441:10)
at startup (node.js:139:18)
at node.js:968:3

Test completed!

达峰的夏天 #21 · July 21, 2016 Author

@harsayer macaca run -d ./macaca-test/macaca-desktop-sample.test.js

https://github.com/macacajs/macaca-test-sample/blob/master/Makefile#L33

老马 #22 · July 21, 2016

#21 楼 @xdf
cmd@cmd-PC MINGW64 /d/macaca/macaca-test-sample-master/macaca-test
$ macaca run -d /d/macaca/macaca-test-sample-master/macaca-test/macaca-desktop-sample.test.js --verbose

index.js:17:12 [master] pid:6560 webdriver server start with config:
{ port: 3456,
window: true,
ip: '169.254.166.89',
host: 'cmd-PC',
loaded_time: '2016-07-21 10:15:07' }
middlewares.js:17:10 [master] pid:6560 base middlewares attached
router.js:108:10 [master] pid:6560 router set
webdriver sdk launched

macaca desktop sample

responseHandler.js:11:12 [master] pid:6560 Recieve HTTP Request from Client: method: POST url: /wd/hub/session, jsonBody: {"desiredCapabilities":{"autoAcceptAlerts":true,"browserName":"chrome","platformName":"desktop","version":"","javascriptEnabled":true,"platform":"ANY"}}
session.js:47:10 [master] pid:6560 Creating session, sessionId: 769ed0d9-e4bb-48ef-80ec-a1f5335a318d.
session.js:31:14 [master] pid:6560 Error: Cannot find module 'macaca-chrome'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:325:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:276:25)
at Module.require (module.js:353:17)
at require (internal/module.js:12:17)
at detectDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:28:20)
at Object.createDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:10:18)
at next (native)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:65:19)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)
please run: macaca install chrome
responseHandler.js:50:12 [master] pid:6560 Send Error Respone to Client: TypeError: Cannot set property 'proxyMode' of undefined
responseHandler.js:56:14 [master] pid:6560 TypeError: Cannot set property 'proxyMode' of undefined
at Object.createDevice (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\webdriver-server\lib\server\controllers\session.js:16:20)
at next (native)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:65:19)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)
at Object.toPromise (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:118:63)
at next (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:99:29)
at onFulfilled (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:69:7)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:54:5
at Object.co (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\co\index.js:50:10)

1) "before all" hook

responseHandler.js:11:12 [master] pid:6560 Recieve HTTP Request from Client: method: DELETE url: /wd/hub/session, jsonBody: {}
responseHandler.js:19:14 [master] pid:6560 Send HTTP Respone to Client: 405 Method Not Allowed
2) "after all" hook

0 passing (124ms)

2 failing

1) macaca desktop sample "before all" hook:
Error: [init({"autoAcceptAlerts":true,"browserName":"chrome","platformName":"desktop"})] The environment you requested was unavailable.
at D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:134:15
at Request._callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\http-utils.js:87:7)
at Request.self.callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:368:22)
at Request. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1219:14)
at IncomingMessage. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1167:12)
at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:921:12)

2) macaca desktop sample "after all" hook:
Error: [quit()] Unexpected data in simpleCallback.
at exports.newError (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\utils.js:139:13)
at null. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\callbacks.js:42:12)
at cb (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:165:22)
at D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\webdriver.js:179:5
at Request._callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\wd\lib\http-utils.js:87:7)
at Request.self.callback (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:368:22)
at Request. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1219:14)
at IncomingMessage. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\node_modules\macaca-wd\node_modules\request\request.js:1167:12)
at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:921:12)

Test completed!

达峰的夏天 #23 · July 21, 2016 Author

@harsayer 看 log

老马 #24 · July 21, 2016

npm i macaca-android -g
npm i macaca-chrome -g 也都安装了

cmd@cmd-PC MINGW64 /d/macaca/macaca-test-sample-master/macaca-test
$ macaca run -d /d/macaca/macaca-test-sample-master/macaca-test/macaca-desktop-sample.test.js --verbose

index.js:17:12 [master] pid:13924 webdriver server start with config:
{ port: 3456,
window: true,
ip: '169.254.166.89',
host: 'cmd-PC',
loaded_time: '2016-07-21 10:32:54' }
middlewares.js:17:10 [master] pid:13924 base middlewares attached
router.js:108:10 [master] pid:13924 router set
webdriver sdk launched
module.js:327
throw err;
^

Error: Cannot find module 'webdriver-client'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:325:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:276:25)
at Module.require (module.js:353:17)
at require (internal/module.js:12:17)
at Object. (D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master\macaca-test\macaca-desktop-sample.test.js:3:10)
at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)
at Module.load (module.js:343:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:300:12)
at Module.require (module.js:353:17)
at require (internal/module.js:12:17)
at D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\lib\mocha.js:219:27
at Array.forEach (native)
at Mocha.loadFiles (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\lib\mocha.js:216:14)
at Mocha.run (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\lib\mocha.js:468:10)
at Object. (D:\nodejs\node-global\node_modules\macaca-cli\node_modules\mocha\bin_mocha:403:18)
at Module._compile (module.js:409:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:416:10)
at Module.load (module.js:343:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:300:12)
at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:441:10)
at startup (node.js:139:18)
at node.js:968:3

Test completed!

我看了下 macaca-desktop-sample.test.js 文件里是
var wd = require('webdriver-client')({
platformName: 'desktop',
browserName: 'electron'

我是否要改成 browserName: 'chrome'

同时改文件 D:\macaca\macaca-test-sample-master.travis.yml 内容为
language: node_js
sudo: required
node_js:

"4" dist: trusty addons: apt: sources:
- google-chrome packages:
- google-chrome-stable
- xvfb before_install:
- export DISPLAY=:99.0
- sh -e /etc/init.d/xvfb start